The Influence Of New Media Sociology Essay

The Influence Of New Media Sociology EssayIn Malaysia, human proper(ip)s of paederastic issue are get serious. Media is shaping the image of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Trans sexual activity (LGBT) groups by dint of their news. The problem state workforcet of this research is that LGBT community is greatly discriminated in society. The research attempts to investigate the power of new media through juvenilitys view and gauge the level of public awareness and also to instil awareness of approveing homo sexual practice in todays youthfulness. The target audience is Malayan university students of different races and ages between 17 to 27 years old. The survey method to obtain the result is through a questionnaire and to distri onlye 200 sets to the respondents on the net income. Eventually, the researchers imbed out that the majority of students view that negligence on the LGBT community is non a serious problem in Malaysia and do non think that the Internet fascinated much of their views on LGBT community. At the same while, they view Seksualiti Merdeka as a negligible issue since the respondents do not know much roughly it but majority think that LGBT deserves equal human rights. In conclusion, youth are not aware of homosexual issues in Malaysia. Government or some organizations should make for a hand in educating youth to the highest degree homosexuality.Homosexual identity is abstracted as a life-spanning development process. This process eventually leads a mortal to mortalal acceptance of a positive light self-image and a clear soulal identity (Minton McDonald, 2012). agree to Habermas theory of ego development, it is utilized to provide a synthesis and understanding of the literature on the construction and maintenance of the homosexual identity. It is concluded that the homosexual identity world-widely emerges in a three-stage process, in which the person progresses from (1) an egocentric interpretation of homoerotic feelings to (2) an internalization of the normative, conventional assumptions about homosexuality to (3) a post-conventional phase in which societal norms are critically evaluated and the positive ethereal identity is achieved and managed. In short, homosexual develops in three stages. The first stage is the homoerotic feelings in a self-centered way. The second stage is the internalization of the normative, take for granted homosexuality in a convention way. The final stage is a post-conventional phase where the critical evaluation of societal norms happens and the positive gay identity is achieved and managed.However, no unitary knows how exactly homosexuality entered into human history. fit to Samhsa, the harm lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) describe distinct groups within the gay culture. The early initiatives for people who were gay foc utilise loosely on men. So, in an attempt to draw attention to issues specific to gay women, lesbian is often listed first. People who are bisexual or transgender save been traditionally left out of, or underrepresented in, research studies and health initiatives. Other than that, a lead from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy revealed that the term homosexuality was coined in the late nineteenthcentury by German psychologist, Karoly Maria Benkert. Although the term is new, discussions about sexuality and same-sex attraction involve occasioned philosophical discussion ranging from PlatosSymposiumto contemporary queer theory (Pickett, Brent, 2011). However, the gay group is different from sissies and tomboy.According to Sexuality Information and Education Council of the United State, the dictionary itself documents the distinction between tomboy and sissy with gay, while tomboy refers to romping, boisterous, schoolboyish young girl, sissy an effeminate boy or man, a timid or cowardly person (Siecus Report, 2003). Thus for a boy been called sissy kitty be devastating, as it pierces his self-image at its most vulne rable point. By contrast, tomboy is said with approving tones, and does not detract from a girls sense of worth (Green, 1979). By this definition, it could be understood that a gay individual is more(prenominal) likely to have same sex attraction, but a sissy person whitethorn only behave like a girl while having a normal sexuality as other heterosexual males.According to National academic Advising Association (NACADA), LGBT refers to Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender. The term gayrefers to some(prenominal) men and women who are attracted to persons of the same sex. Lesbianis the term used specifically for women who are romantically and sexually attracted to other women. Bisexualis used to indicate that a person is attracted to both men and women. Some describe bisexuality as an attraction to the qualities a person possesses rather than the gender of the person who possesses the qualities. Bisexual persons often implement a lack of acceptance in both heterosexual and GL com munities because of misconceptions and stereotypes associated with bisexuality. Finally, transgenderis an umbrella term used to describe someone who experiences his/her gender in a way that varies along a continuum from masculine to feminine (Brown Rounsley, 1996 Perez, DeBord Bieschke, 2000 Cunningham, 2003 Smith 2006).Hall (1996) coined the term of under expunction to refer to the LGBT individuals who happen to occupy outside the field. Within the gay and lesbian community, the subjective voices of transgender people are often marginalized or ignored (Minter, 2000) It indicates that the social attitude of the LGBT persons often insignificant and lower in rank.Social net dissembleing sites are spots where youth are easily influence by sexual text, photos and paintings and also take a craps much(prenominal) materials by own (Rebecca, 2001). New media helps in addressing issues such as sexual health and their important role of youth at risk depends on media which is in use (K aiser Family Foundation, 2010). To see the ever present queerness in the most prosaic straightness is important to be sure, as it has been for every oppressed nonage. profile is much important to gays and lesbian because change of social acceptance.1.1 Problem StatementThis muse addresses the issue of the portrayal of the marginalized group, known to be LGBT, by the new media and to what result it influences the perceptions of the young individuals towards this group. A study performed by Free Malaysia Today stated that the Centre for Independent Journalism reprimanded the Malaysian print media for their lop-sided reporting on the Azwan Ismail video that was first made by a group called Seksualiti Merdeka. Azwan, an engineer, shot to fame after he stated his sexual preference in a video entitled, I am Gay, I am Okay. The video was first aired in an event organized by Seksualiti Merdeka. His open statement, however, did not go down swell up with other media. The Malay dailies new spaper and the community made their displeasure known via various cyber platforms. Some even went to the extent of issuing death threats against Azwan. One liberal Muslim blogger took the government to task for its failure in curbing the spread of gay and lesbian activities (Free Malaysia Today, 2011).Other than that, Youth Pride Inc also stated that 36.5 % of GLB youth grades 9-12 have attempted suicide and 20.5% of those attempts resulting in medical care (Robin, 2002). In 2005, Gay, Lesbian and Straight Education Network (GLSEN) survey of LGBT youth, 90% reported experiencing unfeigned or physical harassment or verbal assault in the past year (Harris Interactive GLSEN, 2005). All these findings share one conclusion that is to say LGBT people are greatly discriminated in the society. This study thus chooses to play up on homosexuality and Seksualiti Merdeka with aims to create awareness among todays generation about the need to respect every persons right, including the righ ts to be homosexuals.1.2 Research ObjectivesTo discover the new medias portrayal of the LGBT community in Malaysia.To examine the Malaysian youths perceptions towards the LGBT community in general and specifically towards Seksualiti Merdeka.To create awareness about the issue of homosexuality among Malaysian youths.1.3 Research QuestionsHow are new medias portrayals of the LGBT community in Malaysia?What are the Malaysian youths perceptions towards the LGBT community and Seksualiti Merdeka?How far Malaysian youths are aware about the issue of homosexuality?1.4 Research HypothesisThis research has one hypothesis, which is if the new media portrays the LGBT community negatively the perceptions of youth towards LGBT community ordain be negative. This means, if the new media portrays the LGBT community positively, the perceptions of youth towards LGBT community will be positive.1.5 Research SignificanceThis study examines the influence of new media on the youths perception towards LGBT community. The researchers highlight youth perceptions on this issue because in the modern era today, youths are expected to be more open minded apart of being barefaced to voice out their opinions about any arising issues. A research by Pew Internet America Life Project (2007) revealed that 94 percent of lucre users are young people with age range between 18 to 29 years old. This finding indicated that youths today are the active users of new media such as social networks, forums, blogs etc.With new media, the youths can easily get information about LGBT issues that occured in the country or abroad. Therefore, the youths may have more awareness towards LGBT groups. New media is becoming a platform for the youth to express their opinions and to discuss about any issues. Therefore, the researchers think that, there is a need to study more about the influence of new media on youths perceptions towards LGBT community.This study will help to instil awareness and provide a better per spective about the issues of LGBT and Seksualiti Merdeka to upcoming generation. It can also be useful and functional as reference for future researchers who are interested to expand the discussion on connatural topics and areas.LITERATURE REVIEW2.1 Media Portrayal of LGBTSociety has always had a general fear or disdain for homosexuality. That is why the media tended to support the already common perceptions, sort of of challenging them (Montgomery, 1981).According to Kanter (2012), since the start of television programming, the forms of LGBT characters in entertainment or popular culture have both been limited. If they did exist, they were either exaggeratingly stereotypical, or associated with criminality or deviance. All the way through the 1980s, gay characters were seen on television as cameo roles with particular problems that hold almost non-existent lives, absent of desire or relationships. With the spread of the Acquired insubordinate Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) epidemic, starting in the 1980s and into the 1990s, homosexuals were portrayed in more substantial, reoccurring roles (Netzley, 2010).Jackson Gilbertson (2009) explained that versions of the media lesbian that preceded her contemporary incarnation as hot typically depict her in stereotypical and undesirable ways, for example as masculine and unattractive (Wilton, 1995 Ciasullo, 2001). Dow (2001) notes how the lesbian on television historically occupied a fleeting outer space as an object of humor or as a villain. In her contemporary guise, the media lesbian can most often be seen as constitute within post-feminist discourses that produce women as sexually desiring, sexually plural, and self-pleasing (McRobbie, 1996).Gamson (1995) encouraged the homosexuals to tell their views in the talk shows. Talk show is the place where they get the attention they in come in request and rise out their views which they cannot get in other ways. He is also the only spot in mainstream media culture where it is possible for non-heterosexuals to speak for themselves.A study shows the changes in attitudes towards homosexuality in the United State through fashion in public opinion polls. The results were considered byissues connected to homosexuality which integrated level-headed status, morality, acceptability, causes, familiarity with self-identified homosexuals, as well as views on both military and nonmilitary occupations, accomplished rights, marriage and adoption rights, and AIDS. This also concluded that community behavior have shifted in a reposition-thinking path (Yang, 1997).2.2 LGBT Youngsters Engagement with New MediaPast research had supported the idea that the Internet is frequently a lifeline in the development of sexual health among LGBT young people (Hillier Harrison, 2007). Many of them first come out online, and report learning about sexual behaviours, pursuing friendships with other LGBT young people, and exploring same-sex attraction online (Harper, Bruce, Serr ano, Jamil, 2009 Hillier Harrison, 2007).Social networking tools had been widely used among youngsters in getting sexual health information. Importantly, social networking tools do not only allow researchers and practitioners to detect and provide information, but also allow the LGBT young people to exchange information and experiences with LGBT peers, engendering broader development of their sexual health (Bargh McKenna, 2004). This opportunity allows for a greater happening for LGBT young people to test out identities and gather information in a more controlled, private environment than is typical among general Internet resources or large social networking sites (Joshua, Louisa, Samantha Brian, 2011).According to Wilkerson (1994), there several types of homophobic attitudes like the treatment of people with human immunodeficiency Virus (human immunodeficiency virus) about ways in which human immunodeficiency virus is transmitted, media representation of AIDS and the way the medicines purpose reinforces a positive view inimical to lesbians and bisexuals. African-American news websites are growing in influence in terms of the number and loyalty of the unique visitors they attract. Homophobia and discrimination are the top storylines on the African-American news websites we analyzed, followed by culture, religion, and same-sex marriage in equal barroom (Siegel, 2012).2.3 Health Issues among LGBT CommunityBy the 1990s, lesbian, the LGBT youth have appeared only as a separate cultural group. There are quite few youth identified themself or turn as LGBT since social sanctions and stigma contributed to severe repercussions and isolation, limiting access to supportive communities and awareness of sexual and gender identities in the before periods. However, only a handful addressed the needs of youths although a range of lesbian and gay service organizations developed in large cities during the 1970s and 1980s.According to Makadon (2008), elimination of healt h disparities among LGBT individuals, also collectively called sexual minorities, is a critical need for focus on their health. LGBT populations are disproportionately at risk for raving mad hate crimes, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including HIV/ AIDS, a variety of mental health conditions, substance clapperclaw and certain cancers. However, LGBT patients frequently encounter problems with access to feeling health services, experiences disparities in screening for chronic conditions, and report a lack of counseling pertinent to actual lifestyle behaviors.Historically, homosexuality has been judged quite harshly callable to cultural and religious taboos. The Pew Research Centres 2003 Global Attitudes Survey effectuate that the majority of people in Western European and major Latin American countries (Mexico, Argentina, Bolivia and Brazil) believe that homosexuality should be accepted by society, while most Russians, Poles and Ukrainians disagreed, and people in Africa and the Middle East objected strongly. Meanwhile, majority of Americans believe that homosexuality should be accepted (Makadon, 2008).Stigma, prejudice and discrimination create a stressful social environment that can lead to a variety of health problems among LGBT group. In LGBT group, minority stress is caused by (a) an external, objective traumatic event, such as being assaulted or being fired from a job (b) the expectation of rejection and development of alerting in interactions with others (c) the internalization of negative societal attitudes (also known as internalized homophobia, transphobia, or biphobia) and (d) the concealment of gender identity or sexual orientation out of assault and guilt or to protect oneself from real harm. In addition, research shows a relationship between internalized homophobia/biphobia and various forms of self-harm, including eating disorders, high-risk sexual activity, substance abuse and suicide (Makadon, 2008). According to Rosan (1978), hom ophobia is a shortened form of homophilephobia, which means the fear of person neither of ones own sex, clearly not the connotation given to these terms in common parlance nor in professional literature. Garner (2008 as cited in Mulick Wright Jr., 2003) describes biphobia as psychological construct of negative attitudes towards bisexual individuals and bisexuality in general.In Malaysia, the rising trend of sexual transmission from 5.3% in 1990 to 22.15% in 2005 (Ministry of Health AIDS/STD Section) indicates that the situation could expand into a general epidemic. Furthermore, the proportion of women give has risen from 1.4% in 1990 to 14.5% in 2005 (Ministry of Health AIDS/STD Section). Indeed, the female to male ratio of new infections has narrowed substantially. In sharp contrast to men, 64% of HIV infections in women were sexually transmitted. The result of HIV situation has an emergency need to go for gender-sensitive national respond by Malaysia government (Zulkifli, Lee, Y un, Lin, 2007).To do better in lend a hand to LGBT group for their healthcare, people should spend more time and attention to learn about LGBT health and obtain support in making educational improvements. Explanation focus on the clinician-patient relationship and address all threes domains of learning which comprised of attitudes, knowledge and skills would help clinicians to provide better care to LGBT patients. Attitudes have a major effect on health outcomes. Attention to attitudes requires growth in the affective arena. For clinicians, this involves developing awareness of and respect for a patients differences and willingness to listen empathically to that persons experience (Makadon, 2008).2.4 LGBT involvement in international human rightsUnder international human rights law, all persons who including LGBT community are entitled to equal rights, including the rights to life, security of person and privacy, immunity from torture, arbitrary arrest and detention, and the right to be free from discrimination (The Road To Safety, 2012).There are more than 80 countries still claiming the laws that make same-sex consensual relations between adults a criminal offence. In year 2008, such laws were used in Morocco to convict six men, after allegations that a private party they had attended was a gay marriage. On 19 July 2007, six men were arrested after a young man who had been arrested on theft charges was coerced by legal philosophy into designation associates who were presumed to be homosexual (OFlaherty Fisher, 2008).According to journal The Road to Safety (2012), LGBT refugees in Uganda and Kenya are among the most vulnerable of refugee populations. Due to their sexual orientation or gender identity, they can be targeted for violence by other refugees and some members of the host populations, harassed and extorted by police officers, and marginalized from accessing services from government institutions, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), or the U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR).According to Julie (2006), LGBT advocates have engaged in two very different kinds of activities on the international human rights stage. First, they have engaged in traditional human rights activism, development the traditional human rights techniques of monitoring and reporting to apply existing human rights norms to LGBT lives. These rights included the right to privacy in the criminal law context the right to equality the right to family the right to non-discrimination the right to liberty from torture (applicable in cases of forcible cures for homosexuality and psychiatric mistreatment generally) and the right of transsexuals to recognition of their new gender. Second, they have tapped into both traditional monitoring techniques and human rights culture-building efforts to promote new international human rights that are important to LGBT lives, including the right to sexuality.Until the mid- to late-1990s, most of LGBT advocates that in volved in the international work on gay rights were also working with LGBT-specific organizations, such as the external Lesbian and Gay Association (ILGA). This organization was found in 1978 in capital of Belgium as a world federation organization, and today it is joined by more than 500 gay and lesbian organizations from ninety countries on all populate continents. From its inception, ILGA has focused on presenting discrimination on grounds of sexual orientation as a global issue. Another prominent group during this era was the International Gay and Lesbian Human Rights Commission (IGLHRC), founded originally in 1990 by Russian and US activists and now a US-based organization with offices in San Francisco, New York, and Buenos Aires (Julie, 2006).2.5 Seksualiti Merdeka in MalaysiaThe rejection of homosexuality by Malaysian law and culture leads to the rise of human rights to the LGBT people. An increasing integration of Islamic political thinking and practice that builds on liter al interpretations of Islamic textual sources is the main reason for why LGBT rights are neglected. Muslims who are under group of LGBT facing politically charged from conservative of normative Islamic discourses on sexuality and gender.To fight for their rights, LGBT community in Malaysia had formed Seksualiti Merdeka or Sexuality Independence in the year 2008, founded by Pang Khee Teik and Jerome Kugan. Seksualiti Merdeka is an annual sexuality rights festival held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, and represents a coalition of Malaysian Non-Government Organizations which included Malaysian Bar Council, Suara Rakyat Malaysia (SUARAM), Empower, Pink Triangle Foundation (PT Foundation), United Nations, Amnesty International and general public. The term used to highlight the fact that even after Malaysia independence, not all Malaysians are free to be who they are. The organization believes that everyone in Malaysia deserves to be free from discrimination, harassment and violence for their sexual orientations and their gender identities. They believe it is our right to be responsible for our own body and believe everyone is entitled to the freedom to love and the freedom to be, whether gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender, intersexes, straight, asexual, pansexual, or simply fabulous (Sexualiti Merdeka, n.d.).Being a Muslim-majority country, Malaysia would have to reiterate its strong objections to a policy that clearly contradicts the principles enshrined in the religion of Islam. On November 3, 2011, police banned Seksualiti Merdeka as the festival was deemed a threat to national security and a threat to public order. Co-founder of Seksualiti Merdeka Pang Khee Teik said that they are not nerve-wracking to promote homosexuality. This festival is actually the chance for Malaysians to listen to their story, why after all these years of trying to be somebody else, some of them have found peace with themselves and to accept who they are (Chun, 2011).According to Mosbergen (2012), on September 2012, Malaysias Education Ministry has endorsed guidelines to help parents identify gay and lesbian symptoms in their children. The guidelines are as below-Symptoms of gaysLikes having a fit body and likes to show off by wearing V-neck and sleeveless clothesA preference for tight and bright-colored clothesAttraction to men andA preference for carrying big handbags, similar to those used by women.Symptoms of lesbiansAttraction to womenBesides their female companions, they tend to distance themselves from other womenA preference for outlet out, having meals etc. with women and a preference for sleeping in the company of womenNot attracted to menPang Khee Teik, however disagreed with the guidelines and he advised the ministry to rely on efficacious research instead of endorsing pseudo-experts as this could be damaging to children. Pang said education is an important tool to address inequality but the ministry had instead want to use it for teaching hate, promo ting inequality and playing politics. Besides that, the ministry should teach all children to be confident and to respect one another, no matter who they are. Seksualiti Merdeka thus was active to brief the Education Ministry if its officers were willing to listen to reliable research on the LGBT community (Asia One, 2012).2.6 Online discussion of sexualityAccording to Mckee (2004), in one of the rst published articles addressing online discussions of sexuality, the homophobic comments made by composition students using the synchronous chat program interchange to brainstorm possible topics for a research essay (as cited in Regan, 1993).When a student raised homosexuality as a possible topic, a number of students posted homophobic comments Were taught that homosexuality is a sin A homosexual once made a move on me. I really didnt like it. I mean I really didnt like it and To whoever was thinking about the topics of death and homosexuality, heres a thought, why not join together and do a project on the death of homosexuals? Not by AIDS. At the time of the exchange, the researcher Regan was unsure what to do when confronted with these comments, but she did try to redirect the conversation by interjecting, Has anyone thought about writing about homophobia? but it does not depend that her efforts were successful at redirecting what she called socially sanctioned classroom terrorism (McKee, 2004).Regan was distressed that the online environment enabled students to articulate their fear and hatred of homosexuals in a way that would not have happened in the traditional classroom, and she concluded that online spaces are not egalitarian, as was frequently claimed at the time.2.7 Discrimination towards LGBT group in Malaysian ContextMalaysia is one of the countries that illegalized homosexuality. Among the reasons for the countrys disapproval of homosexuality is its status as an Islamic nation, where everything that goes against the Islamic law and teaching is strictl y prohibited and thus, condemned.According to Goh (2012), the rejection of same-sex behavior is not one that has emerged from a socio-political vacuum. Sexuality is considered taboo (Goh, 2012 as cited in Jerome, 2008) and appears to have a prominent place in the psyche of many Malaysians, notably institutional quadrants of Islam. Islamic civil and religious authorities sloshedly observed on Muslims in Malaysia, ravaging the sexual lives of Muslims that are as private as khalwat (illicit close proximity) and zina (illicit sex or adultery) (Lee, 201031). In the Malaysian legal context, male homosexuality or gayness as a globally-recognized cultural trope has no direct equivalence to sexual identities Section 377A, 377B and 377C of the Malaysian Penal Code make provisions against acts of buggery or liwat without being gender-specific, although it is in section 2 of the Syariah felonious Offences (Federal Territory) Act 1997 that one discovers a clearly-defined morphology of liwat a s sexual relations between male persons (Goh, 2012).Uproars over male homosexuality in the twentieth and 21st centuries came into prominence with two major events. First is the sodomy charges of the former Malaysian Deputy skin rash Minister Anwar Ibrahim and second is the festival celebrating the human rights of sexually-diverse persons, Seksualiti Merdeka. Raging debates on homosexuality in relation to Anwar (Kanaraju, 2007) and the banning of Seksualiti Merdeka in 2011 (Shazwan, 2011) caused innumerable forums on mens masculinities population to mushroom among the Malaysian.Back in the year 1992, the Prime Minister, Dr. Mahathir Mohamad made the statement that democracy would lead to homosexuality (Offord, 1999). Dr Mahathir used the conflation of homosexuality with democracy to consolidate Malaysias cultural borders (and its postcolonial status), so that Malaysian people can maintain the pureness and uniqueness. Dr Mahathir is drawn on cultural specificity in this context to e xplain the indigenous from the foreign, and homosexuality is conceived of as alien and other.It is in this sense that Anwar Ibrahim is bothered by the use of the accusation that he is homosexual. Anwar has been notable for his liberal views about democracy and transparent government (The Asian Renaissance, 1996). To simply do away with opposition and perceived threats to his authoritarian rule, Dr. Mahathir can inscribe upon his enemy the descriptor of homosexual (Offord, 1999).Prior to the Asia-Pacific Economic Co-operation (APEC) leaders summit in Kuala Lumpur in late 1998, amid the controversial jailing of Anwar and civil unrest and demonstrations, the role of homosexuality as a political and cultural tool of difference was propounded strongly by the Malaysian Foreign Minister, Dr Abdullah Badawi. It was his contention that sodomy was a serious offence in Malaysia it was against the countrys religious and social values (The Weekend Australian, 1998). Dr Badawi maintained that in certain places in Europe, and perhaps Australia and America, they do not treat it as something big but to Malaysia, it is bad consider as a scandal.Following Dr Mahathirs accusations against Anwar, a Peoples Anti-Homosexual Voluntary Movement was formed to combat the dangers of homosexuality. In one blow Dr Mahathir succeeded in undermining Anwars credibility and deployed homosexuality as the number one impossibility. Anwar, also a Muslim, entrenched the perceived, corrupting value of homosexuality by asserting in the Time interview that his character was assassinated by this descriptor (Offord, 1999).Therefore in Southeast Asia today, this is one sense of where homosexuality is located, something that is demonized, and deep disturbed. It is conflated at once with democracy, corruption, and foreignness. It does seem clear that when the nation state perceives a threat to its existence, that danger is frequently translated into sexualized terms. Same sex sexuality is deployed as the alien other, linked to conspiracy, recruitment, opposition to the nation, and ultimately a threat to civilization (Offord, 1999).2.8 Theory applies between relationship of Media and LGBT CommunityMedia plays a very important role in human life, where people get more of information they need from it. Therefore, to be more understand the influence of media on youths perceptions and opinions about homosexuality, the study chooses to employ skeletal frame theory. The concept of framing has been variously attributed to sociologist Erving Goffman and anthropologist Gregory Bateson. Frames allow journalists or media in general cover and package issue. The choice of journalists who shelter a story can influence the way issues are framed. The theory describe that the message framer has the choice of what is to be express in the message, as the view through a window is emphasized by where the carpenter frames, or places, the window. If the window had been placed, or framed, on a different wall, the view would be different (Botan Hazleton, 2006).Acco

The Paradox in US-China Relations

The Paradox in US-mainland china RelationsThe Paradox in the US-China Relations A Commentary near a decade and ace-half ago, one of the leading thinker and strategic expert on China Gerald Segal prophetically described the implications of Chinese violence specially in the eastward Asiatic sphere. He argued, There is no more weighty uncertainty for East Asia, than the future of China. If China staggers amid leadinghip struggles and possibly even disintegrates as a state, the region exit fear mass migration and spreading chaos, if China forges ahead with a double digit growth, East Asia will fear the implications of Chinese power1Segal in the concluding remarks of his article titled, Tying China into International System (Survival 1999) presented few assumptions. He foresaw that the uncontrolled economic growth in China would result in an increasing need and desire to trade with the outside world and China needs to be tied into the worldwide corpse on the basis of these ass umption about Chinas future. One of them was a) that it will not disintegrate in chaos, will pitch a looser policy-making system b) second that East Asian region will fail to develop some(prenominal) serious multilateralelism. There will be much bawl out in the region about the need to work more closely at the ASEAN and CSAP forum on the earnest of the region, however no touchable follow up was perceived. Surprisingly the East Asian region will cook ramification of the Chinese power and the lead in dealing with China in the sexual climax years would not be initiated by the East Asian countries. This would leave China unchallenged in the region. He besides asserted that China would also likely to have a major long term adversarial dealinghip with the west.The aforementioned analysis describes some of the reality of the Chinese rise as of directly. capital of Red China has certainly not disintegrated into chaos, through a steady projection of its influence, it has establis hed that it is indeed a rising power and would continue to do so. The West peculiarly the US whitethorn not have a direct adversarial relationship with China but all that is not hunky-dory in the Sino-US relationship. Interestingly this becomes distinct when the trajectory of the symmetrical relations is analysed at a profound level. Both the US and China are ambitious countries as far as communicate their influence is concerned. China is the tho country which has directly challenged the US hegemony after Soviet Union. In the post-Cold War era of multipolarity the decline of the West (US) has also been position with the rise of the rest (China) even by Ameri dirty dog scholars. (Zakaria 2008). fleck the US was preoccupied with the global war on terror campaign and entangled itself in Iraq and Afghanistan the Peoples Republic effectively utilised this opportune moment of US occupation to its advantage by extending its multinational interactions and maximised its inventory of a llies in the international political system. The Chinese influence in the international politics was regarded significant to such(prenominal) an extent that US too responded to the emerging threat talk over with an accommodating view. In a Congressional Report (2008) and the US Quadrennial Defense review (QDR-2001), the US administration was counselled to adopt engagement as the best counseling to integrate China into prevailing global system. straightaway, China is engaging itself with the international community like never before by crafting a multitude of bilateral agreements and partnerships. capital of Red China has sought trade agreements, oil and gas contracts, scientific and proficient cooperation, and de-facto multilateral security arrangements with countries both around its periphery and around the world such as Africa, Asia, and Latin America. It has also extracted oil and gas exploration contracts with Brazil, Ecuador, Bolivia, Colombia, Venezuela, and Cuba and with C entral Asian states such as Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan in search to satiate its hungers for energy securityInternational Negotiations DiplomacyThe emergence of multiple centres of power in the international politics have not only declined the pre-eminence of the American power but have also made space for China to exerts it influence in various spheres such as international economy, international negotiations on significant issues such as climate change, the South East China Seas and even in the atomic realm. On all these issues China has satiaten a powerful stand.For instance on the issues of capital, China maintains a low exchange rate of its currency for its economic growth. Financial experts from both US and Europe have called China to allow its currency to rise. This sentiment was resonated even by the US chairperson himself during his first visit to China in 2009. The same year Presidents of major banks like Europen Central savings bank Jean-Claude Trichet, and Domini que Strauss-Kahn the former managing director of the IMF have also called for a stronger yuan but China did not adjust its currency in response to a opposed pressure.2China has boldly stood up against the US on the issue of Climate Change too. It is referred as the worlds largest Green stomach Gases (GHGs) emitter and suffers from a short record as far as environment issues are concerned. In-fact China occupies a unique position in the Climate Change negotiations. It is one of the largest emitters of carbon dioxide but it is also a developing country and possesses a valid claim of right to further develop like the US. It is one of the major voices in the Climate Change talks and some experts has suggested that it was China that blocked the last Copenhagen (2009) talks by asking for an appalling deal such that western leaders can walk away and thus creating a stalemate. At the Copenhagen it not only insisted on removing the binding targets for itself but also for other countries. 3The strange power play by the Chinese delegation can also be viewed as an effort to weaken the Climate Change regulation regime. Very deep the UN Climate Summit at New York was concluded in which both the US and China seems to have agreed on reaching an agreement on reducing emission from 26 to 28 percent for the join State by 2025 and China to reach the emissions warming peak by 2030 or earlier4. creation a top emitter of Co2 Chinas budge towards a substantial position on emission completes only after the US has promised to light upon a step ahead on emission reflects nothing but geopolitics manifesting at the negotiation table.Nu reform RelationsA similar Chinese demeanor of pushing the US to do its bit first can also be seen in the realm of nuclear security as well. Nuclear mental ability symbolises power in international politics. While China is far away from matching the US inventory of nuclear weapons, it cannot be ignored that being the only P-5 that is increasing it s nuclear arsenal Chinas potential in influencing the nuclear debate at the international multilateral forum remains strong. It is interest to note here that the official Chinese position on nuclear arms race is that, the nuclear-weapon states with the biggest stockpiles should undertake special responsibility for nuclear disarmament and take lead in reducing their nuclear arsenals and delivery systems,5 China expects the US to first pave way for the other nuclear-weapon states to join the nuclear disarmament process. what is more the 2013 nuclear notebook of the Bulletin of Atomic Scientists describes the Chinese nuclear capability as growing slowly and increasing in capability. Many in the US presume that the growing Chinese nuclear capability especially the long range missiles which includes as many as many as 60 LRBMs can reach some portion of the coupled States. In-fact according to the US intelligence community prediction by the mid-2020s, China could have more than 100 miss iles resourceful of threatening the US.6In-fact the American experts for nuclear issues believe that there is a need to maintain a long term stability in the US-China nuclear relations even though the nuclear dynamics between the two countries are relatively stable at the present. The exponents of such idea have based their thinker on the US concerns about the Chinese expansion of the quality and quantity of its nuclear arsenal. The analysis of US-China nuclear relations by the working group reveals a possible intensification of strategic arms race between the two countries. This might manifest in increasing the uncertainties about the nuclear deterrence and thus crisis focus between the two moldiness take effect. In-fact it is advised to the US government to take up informal ways to shape Chinas nuclear decision making.7Geopolitical Ends at the Asia Pacific RegionThe current Chinese Ambassador to the US John Kerry in his remarks described the bilateral relations as the approxi mately important as well as the intimately sensitive, the most comprehensive as well as the most complex, and the most promising as well as the most challenging 8 and referred it as the most consequential one determining the shape of the 21st century world. While officials from the White stomach have diversified adjectives to describe beautifully the US-China synergies, they have also acknowledged the difference the two countries have a two marvellous countries. Moreover, these two distinguished countries also have comparable power interests in the same geographical entity called the Asian Pacific region.For both the countries the region is a crucial one and the most promising as far as security is concerned. The US has blatantly announced its pivot to Asia Pacific in order to execute its rebalancing strategy. One must get a line that in the recent years China too has started looking at the region more prominently. The US has categorically announced its reservations on the Chine se assertive foreign policy behaviour in the South and East China Seas region. Even though the US is not directly related to any of the South China Sea dispute the coupled States maintains a strong position on the Chinese claims on the South China Sea tete-a-tete claims of other littoral states.The South-China Sea region is a strategic pass way containing sarcastic sea lanes of communications. It is also a region through which half of the worlds oil transport passes through. The sea connects the Pacific Ocean with the Indian Ocean it has utility for major naval power. It must be reckon that the United States considers itself as a influential player in the Asian Pacific region and it has sustained its pre-eminence over this region for over six decades. 9The region not only has a symbolic utility for the United States but it is also practically being used as a transit localize and an operating area for its Navy and Air Force to shuttle between the military bases in Asia the Indian Ocean and Persian Gulf.Similarly on the East China Sea, the similarity of ambitions and the difference in policy approaches towards the region also appear to be clear. Very recently the US deepened its commitment to the East Asian region and invited Japan and Australia for a military co-operation towards collectively working on strengthening maritime security in the Asia-Pacific region. It is noteworthy that in the same chopine revealed President Obamas subtle hint to China that aggressive acts on territorial disputes concerning the region might, spiral into a confrontation.10 In addition to this President Obama categorically conveyed his idea of an effective security order in Asia that ought to be based on alliances of mutual security and driven by international norms and laws or else of spheres of influences or driven by acts of intimidation of big nations ( such as China)11Cyber SpaceIt is a known fact that the United States was the progenitor of what we know today as the world wide web/internet. The internet owes its birth to the US Department of Defense in the 1960s where it was developed and used for defence communication. Today the commercialised internet has grown so big and forms part of much bigger virtual domain known as cyber space. This cyber space in its aggregate is, practically out of a complete control of one singular country let alone the United States, which ironically gave birth to it. The cyber space has escalated itself in international politics as a powerful domain. It is regarded as one of the battle domain for future wars among countries. China is notorious for practicing all forms of cyber theft, hacking, cyber terrorism, etc. towards the United States.China is an increasingly growing player in the Cyber security realm. It is the only Asian country with one of the most internet users, which is state controlled. While the internal environment of Chinas internet is largely defined as strict externally China is identified by the Unit ed States as real cyber threat for other countries. According to the US reports on China uses cyber warfare for data gathering, to constrain an adversarys effective communications etc.12 United States has suffered the most out of these evil intentions of China. Many instances of cyber-attacks such as Titan Rain from China have been reported. In-fact it was revealed in 2004-2005 that the Chinese hackers have compromised the computers of NASA and other military and scientific centres across the United States. Not only have the Chinese denied all these allegations as baseless, but have also refused to cooperate with the American investigations.The White House has recognised cyber security as linked to Americas economic prosperity national security, and individual liberties. Indeed the cyber space touches the American lives closely on a daily basis and to safeguard the security in this realm, the US has been evolving a policy to shape the future Cyber security regime. It starts from do mestic ownership of critical infrastructure combined with an improved reporting of incident and response. Since the Cyber domain involves virtually all countries with no boundaries any cyber policy would only be effective if international partners are engaged effectively. Under this context the co-opting of China becomes really critical.The United States seeks to build a consensus based approach as far as implementing international cyber norms are concerned13.The American concern for the on growing Chinese Cyber warfare capabilities appears evident from the statement of a former US Defense Secretary Leon Panetta two years ago have reiterated the need for both the countries to work together in the realm of cyber security as both of them have developed technological capabilities in this arena to a great extent. 14Concluding ObservationsChina too has registered its presence as influential players in the international politics. Interestingly it has raised concerns in the US about its ra mifications upon the American goal of sustaining its pre-eminence. Indeed China continues to ameliorate its presence in the strategic calculus of the US almost daily with the American strategic narrative painted with the shades of Sino-US Strategic partnership, competition, bilateral ties, cooperation etc.There are number of American experts such as Selig Harrison, Aron Friedberg, David Lampton etc who have predicted a rise of a peer competitor in Beijing especially bearing in mind the Chinese power influence in the Asian region. These experts have categorically highlighted the prospects of a regional threat to the US from China. The China watchers in the US even after a decade have analysed that China would look outward as its foreign policy ambitions are as aggressive as the United States. 15The US views on China could be assessed from various perspectives such as realist and liberal and each lens is likely to put forward a conflicting rudimentary divide between the two countries. This is clear from the analysis of former Deputy Assistant for National Security Affairs Aron Friedberd and even the greatest practitioner of diplomacy in America total heat Kissinger himself. While Friedberg argues that both countries have locked themselves in an increasingly intense struggles for power and influence Kissinger have put forward his advice to the US in dealing with China and have insisted that both sides should be open to convincing of each others activities as a normal part of international life. He further argued that, the inescapable tendency to impinge on each other should not be equated with a conscious drive to contain or dominate16The US-China interaction in international politics cover so many arenas that is has become rather tricky for scholars to identify one set of variable to describe the bilateral relations that both share. In the most recent times the labels for US-China relations have ranged from business-partnership, strategic partnership, strategi c competitors and even Sino-US cold confrontation.17Finally, the graph of US- China relation s that started officially with the US Secretarys open door notes have fluctuated from being estranged countries to strategic partnership and today have become the one of the most significant bilateral relations defining the shape of the international politics. A saying about history suggests that it repeats itself. It is ironical that several decades ago the United States was driven to China for trade prospects so much so that the Chinese silk, tea can be credited with bringing the first set of millionaires in America. The American fascination for the oriental products dates back to the year 1784 when a commercial (US flagged) vessel Empress of China18 sailed the Chinese seas. It was the trade issues that normalised the US-China relation during the 1970s. While the US cut the Chinese melon into sphere of influence for economic benefits, today it is the American markets flooded with Chinese g oods. Moreover, it is the American Apple that is now reverse engineered in China. The United States in the first part of its relationship with China dominated the terms but today China has turn the dynamic of relations into a partnership. It may not be incorrect to suggest that history indeed might be repeating itself in reverse.1 Segal Gerald, (1999) Tying China Into International System, Survival, Vol.37, No 2, p .602Chinas Exchange-Rate Policy A Yuan-Sided Argument 19 November 2009, The Economist, at http//www.economist.com/node/14921327 , accessed on 21 November 20143 Mark Lynas, How Do I Know China destroy The Copenhagen Deal? I Was In the Room, The Guardian, December 22 2009 , at http//www.theguardian.com/environment/2009/dec/22/copenhagen-climate-change-mark-lynas, accessed on November 25, 20144Laura Barron-Lopez, November14 2014, US Climate Envoy China Deal Boosts Paris Talks, But Uncertainty Remains The Hill, at http//thehill.com/policy/energy-environment/225206-us-climat e-envoy-china-deal-boosted-paris-talks-but-uncertainty , accessed on 24 November 20145 Chinas Contributions To Nuclear Disarmament, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Peoples Republic Of China, at http//www.china.org.cn/e-caijun/e-caijun1.htm, accessed on December 1, 20146 Hans M. Kristensen and Robert S. Norris, (2013), The Chinese Nuclear Forces, Bulletin of Atomic Scientists, Vol. 69, No. 6, pp. 79-85 and Hans M. Kristensen and Robert S. Norris, (2014) US Nuclear Forces, 2014, Bulletin of Atomic Scientist, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp.85-937 John K. Warden, Elbridge Colby Abraham Denmark, (201p, Nuclear Weapons and US-China Relations A Way Forward Report by PONI by a Working Group on US-China Nuclear Dynamics, Centre for Strategic and International Studies8 John Kerry, 4 November 2014, Remarks on U.S.-China Relations, at http//www.state.gov/secretary/remarks/2014/11/233705.htm, accessed on 23 November 20149 Hina Pandey, (2011), Recent Developments in the South China Sea US China Confrontation , sphere Focus ,pp. 261-2681011 Jamie Smyth, (2014), US, Japan and Australia to Deepen Alliance The Financial Times, at http//www.ft.com/cms/s/0/3a34e028-6cb3-11e4-b125-00144feabdc0.htmlaxzz3KuFyTEkN, accessed on 3 December 201412 E. Dilipraj, (2014), Mapping the Cyber Dragon Chinas Conduct of Terror in the Cyber World, Defence and Diplomacy, Vol.3, No.4, July- September, pp. 85-97.13 Cybersecurity, 4 December 2014, at http//www.whitehouse.gov/issues/foreign-policy/cybersecurity , accessed on 4 December , 201414David Alexander, (2012), US- China Must Work to overturn Cyber Conflict Panetta, Reuters, at http//www.reuters.com/article/2012/05/08/net-us-usa-china-defense-idUSBRE84700Q20120508 , accessed on 4 December 201415 Selig Harrison, (2000), China And The US in Asia The Threat Perception in Asia cited in Chinas Future Constructive Partner or Emerging Threat in Carpenter and James A. Don, CATO make for, pp.109. and Robert Kaplan, (2010),The Geography Of The Chinese Power How Fa r Can Beijing Reach On Land And At Sea? Foreign Affairs, May/June 201016 Friedberg L. Aaron, The Future of U.S. China Relations Is conflict inevitable? ,International Security, Vol. 30, No. 2, Fall 2005, pp7-45 and Henry A. Kissinger,(2012) The Future of US-Chinese Relations Conflict Is a Choice, Not a Necessity, Foreign Affairs, Vol.91, No.2, p.4417 Chintamani Mahapatra (2014), US-China Cold Confrontation New Paradigm of Asian Security, Institute for Peace and Conflict Studies, at http//www.ipcs.org/article/us-south-asia/us-china-cold-confrontation-new-paradigm-of-asian-security-4333.html , accessed on 1 August 201418 Song Yuwu (2009), Empress, Encyclopedia of Sino-US Relations, McFarland Co., p. 99.

Disneyland Strategic Marketing Analysis

Disneyland strategic Marketing AnalysisThis advertise present the comprehensive back ground of the confederacy and also I tried my level lift protrude to cover each(prenominal) in all the relevant aspects in accordance to the assignment that I have given. Moreover four major atomic number 18as argon considered in this report which is motivation, occupation statements, approaches, and results/conclusion.In the interest of the ref, I believe that the reader will date the background to organizational strategical selling, issues relating to strategic tradeing in an organization. And also reader will be able to understand the puzzle outes striked in making the strategic trade plan. Most importantly it will make reader understand that how to plan and make a link between strategic selling and corporate scheme of an organization.The report is based on followers pattern. First of all it will discuss clear view and comprehensive concept of strategy merchandise and then model s of strategic selling. Moreover this report is related to these models of the Walt Disneyland asylum. And also assesses the economic note value of using strategic marketing tactics in an organization.Conclusion of this report would be based upon the theories of marketing attention, while keeping the main concept of the opened in severalize to understand and get on well. I have tried my level best to state the results in general, potential, or specific carriage to a p trickicular case, therefore I have managed to achieve ultimate understanding of the particular theory (strategic marketing) and I am quite confident that I have achieved my final heading to understand and impalement similar theory in future for further understanding and more(prenominal) benefit.IntroductionA creator and moderniser and the owner of one of the most productive thoughts the world has ever known, Walt Disney, beside with members of his staff, expected more than 950 decencies and documents from e very nation in the world, counting 48 Academy Awards and seven Emmis in his lifetime. Walt Disneys individual honours comprised nominal degrees from Harvard, Yale, the University of Southern California, and UCLA the Executive Medal of Freedom Frances Legion of Honour and Officer dAcademie streamers Thailands Order of the Crown Brazils Order of the Southern traverse Mexicos Order of the Aztec Eagle and the Showman of the World Award from the National Association of Theatre OwnersMic name Mouse was shaped in 1928, and his aptitudes were first used in a silent cartoon permitted Plane Crazy. Before the cartoon could be free, however, sound eruption upon the motion picture check. Thus Mickey made his screen entrance in Steamboat Willie, the worlds first fully coordinated sound cartoon, which premiered at the Colony Theatre in New York on November 18,1928Walts drive to faultless the art of cartoon was tireless. Technicolor was presented to cartoon during the manufacture of his Silly Sym phonies. In 1932, the film Flowers and Trees won Walt the first of his 32 individual Academy Awards. In 1937, he free The senescent Mill, the first short subject to utilize the multilane camera methodThus, Disney absorbed the buying of 43 square miles of virgin land twice the surface of Manhattan Island in the middle of the state of Florida. Here he master-planned entire Disney world of entertaining to include a brand-new enjoyment theme park, a motel-hotel resort vacation centre, and his Untried Sample Community of Tomorrow. After more than seven years of master planning and training, including 52 months of actual building, Walt Disney World opened to the habitual as arranged on October 1, 1971. Epcot Centre opened on October 1, 19821* http//www.fragrancex.com/products/_bid_Disney-am-cid_perfume-am-lid_D__brand_history.htmlTASK 1L.O- 1.1The role of strategic marketing could be defined as in todays complex business environment is the ability of a business to attain cost-effec tive sales is impacted by dozens of conservational factors, many of which are consistent. It makes logic to try to bring some order to this turmoil by understanding the marketable environment and carrying some strategic logic to the process of marketing products and services.A strategic marketing is valuable to every business. So thats why its role is very important for organization while keeping following attri furthere in order to achieve long term objectives.Classify sources of economic advantageAchievement guarantee to a strategyGet incomes needed to pay in and shape the businessNotify investors in the businessEstablished objects and plansDegree of performanceL.O- 1.2Well the process involved in making the strategic marketing plan is to focus on sales means focus on individual customers rather than market segments or market classes. However market segmentation is very important to analyse the customer needs and demands but after analysing market segments, customer Interests Com pany has to create strategic marketing plan. strategical marketing process involves,Market ResearchMarketing strategiesProduct research and developmentProductionCommunicationSalesRefereeing to the case study Disneyland mainly focuses on following marketing strategies.Sell extra to circulating(prenominal) customersGrowth of marketplaceConstant packagingAlways expand and add to your contributionsChasing businessSell extra to current customers strategy means when customers enter into the attraction there are always marketing announcement whether you are on trains, boats, trams and etc. these recording informs customers that how they rouse expect longer, upgrade their ticket to make most out of it while paying less. While in the parks customers can always get to know what advance up in regards to the vacations so that they can trim down side by side(p) time and get more benefits.Growth of marketplace strategy means development of more Disney lands in other countrys for those who cannot travel to USA. It has enlarged their marketplace and expending their brand worldwide by building these country specific theme parks.Constant promotion strategy is that they do not stop and start and then stop again their marketing strategies, they have their fixed budget provided every year to marketing department in order to keep their marketing promotion going on.Always expand and add to your contributions strategy is they always add up new attraction to their exciting places. They always updated their old dated rides so that if customers visit next time they can experience several(predicate) this time which makes them to visit next time. Thats again focus on customer retention strategy that how to keep regular customers coming.Chasseing business strategy means they always take in to the tarradiddle the slow time of the year and the fast time of the year. They do not stop promoting business in slow time of the year just because its slow, but they always try and improve t heir business and attraction in order to make their slow time of the business busier. Thats why people like to visit any time of the year.L.O- 1.3Well to evaluate the link between strategic marketing and corporate strategies I would like to explain the difference between these twain and after you will find the links between these strategies of Walt Disney Company.Strategic MarketingIt is directly any strategically concerned with the long term activities and direction and scope performed by an organization to gain competitive advantage. While meeting stakeholders expectations the organization applies its resources within a changing environment to satisfy customer needs and demands.embodied strategyThis could be defined as method to the future that involves inspection of the current and expected factors related with customers and competitors and the firm it, visualization a new or real role for the firm in a original way and supporting policies, performs, and resources to understand that dream.Link between strategic marketing and corporate strategy of WALTWell the corporate strategy and marketing strategies are directly related to to each one other because Disneys indoor marketing strategies are considered as their corporate strategies. bodily strategies help them to analyse where and when to open their other branch.Corporate strategies gives them direction with objective of achieving long term goals recently their approaches have focused on the need for companies to jell to and expect changes in the business status. Their corporate strategy involves organization the purpose and scope of the organizations activities and the nature of their business. Through SWOT analysis they link their corporate strategies to the marketing strategies and then analyze them and then execute them accordingly.TASK -2L.O- 2.1The Strategic Marketing Planning ProcessMISSIONOBJECTIVEMARKET AUDITSWOT compendiumSTRATEGY FORMULATIONIMPLEMENTATIONCONTROLBUDGETFigure 1.2http//www.net mba.com/strategy/process/Figure 1.3 by Macdonald (1995)The model above explain the process involve in strategic planning of an organization, now on the basis of the model above I will assess the value. According to the (SUSAN L. LAURE) this is goal based process which allows organization to focus on its mission and vision to achieve goals. This model does help organization to move forward and it is great practice to build a team because it offers the opportunities to let everyone in the company know that their thoughts and opinions are being considered. It lets everyone know that they belong to the organization.More over one can achieve more valuable results from a decisive approach is contract on how to make the most of the organizations capital and the in deepness perceptive of the factor that involve those resources should conditions and situation change.This model helps the organization to help to see the size of the organization in term of human resources which of course influe nce the main plan. It also helps organization to somatic goals that they are seeking to reach. More over it provides a plan structure which makes sure constancy across distribution and each separation covers all the key aspect of the development process.It also makes directors to understand the situation understandably because it provides a large number of data. Also improve marketing skills within the company. It also increases the value to companys data base and marketing investment. The implementation of marketing planning model gives an introduction to organization to implement the strategic planning process within an organization. The management is also dependent on the high quality process consultancy and training as well as sport tools. Experience has shown that the proper planning of marketing model makes an organization to achieve its objective.L.O- 2.2Link between strategic positioning of Disneyland Resort and marketing tactics mentioned above in the strategic marketing p lan.Strategic Positioning strategic marketing planWell there is very close link between strategic positioning and strategic marketing of Disneyland because both(prenominal) focus on continues growth of an organization. As far as strategic positioning is concern they conduct research to determine what the needs in order to promote are and position company where they want to.To make strategic marketing plans for organization they consider much aspect on which they can progress to exactly according to needs and demands of the customers. As discussed above that marketing provides them clear room to understand the long term objective and standing of an organization. Thats how they keep on changing their strategies no matter what time of the year are they in, or no matter customers want this or not.Disney land strategic positioning provides different following questions to them,What are their strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats?How customer takes our product?Who are the rum p customers?What is the image?Competitive edge?Communication to the right people?Are we able to target our product to other market?These are the question they see while undergoing the positioning for them self, if we commonly see the marketing aspect in those questions we can clearly see the link between these two terms because strategic marketing planning provides them the same kind of information in order to make their marketing plan well working. Marketing plane gives them the signs to achieve the ultimate goals while positioning based on marketing plane can point out where they exactly stands.So marketing is the key element for them to make their position where they could differentiate their product from others, because they believe to be providing the best quality products to their customers as no one does in that capability.Hence the link between these two is very common and regular infect both are dependent on each other in order to get ultimate goals.Beyond HR the new scienc e of human capital by john W. Boudreau, peter M. RamstadL.O- 2.3 connect Links Relationship Marketing CRM Ladder of Customer Loyalty Benefits of Relationship Marketing Fishbone AnalysisWell as discussed above that Disney is more concern that how to obtain their oncoming customers that why their current marketing strategies are based on relationship marketing which can provides them help to achieve long term objective which is to open new Disneys in other countries.Relationship marketing could provide them ultimate objective because retaining consumers for long term offers many benefits. This is also aim for the company to obtain life time custom. Some of the merits of relationship marketing includeLoyal customers will recommend your business to others, thus expanding your business for you.Faithful customers are slap-up to try some of their new products, because they trust them.Trust worthy consumers will advocate their business to others, thus expanding their business for cust omers.Customers will be keen to pay more for their services/products if there is adjustment in pricing because they are loyal to company and trust their services/products.Loyal customers will posit them close problems with their goods/services enable to get better your products/services.The final benefit will be boost sales, market share and authority.http//www.learnmarketing.net/benefitsofrelationshipsmarketing.htmHence keeping all points mentioned above are the clear picture that how relationship marketing could help them to contact with their current customers in order to increase their new customers. Because its always about words of mouth old customer experience and will let their known people know about the experience they had which is the key point to increase the limit.If they found their product and service best they will for sure let others know and then others will buy their products. As mentioned that they increase their marketing hunting expedition by giving their cus tomers the best product and services. They constantly changed their marketing planning in which they have given different kind of gift vouchers to their customers so that they can come next time and avail that which actually make they to come back and use those vouchers.ConclusionIn the end we can conclude this report by mentioning that Disney land has broad and wide network and has the best team force in order to make decision and implement them as a betterment of an organization.Moreover corporate strategies and marketing strategies play vital role for an organization to obtain long term objective, Disneys corporate and marketing strategies are well managed to get their goals completed in given time. As we have discussed lot about their marketing strategies and corporate strategies I think their

Essay --

Children are our future and they should be given every possible opportunity to succeed in life until now if they are born into disadvantaged situations. sometimes the families of certain children cant provide as much as other childrens families and this can nominate a gap in the act and development of these children. Those disadvantaged children need special planing that accommodates for the lack of cognitive and social development that if not right addressed could lead to poor indoctrinate performance and delinquency. The Head scratching program was created to address this shortcoming that some children face and to catch them up with their more advantaged peers. (Garces, 2002, p. 999) Head Start was originally designed to provide a nurturing environment that would provide children with preschool education, positive social interaction, and nutritious snacks and meals to help compensate for the lack of those things in the childrens lives. Head Start does an able job at meetin g the needs of children in the manner in which it was originally founded. The Head Start program is not bad and should not be done away with. But, from what I know learned through this study, amendments could be made to increase the longevity of the want results. In this paper I provide discuss the Head Start program. How Head Start has succeeded. The way it attempts to influence childrens behaviors. I will similarly discuss some of the shortcomings of the Head Start program and ways to make the program more effective. DiscussionEarly intervention into the lives of children has been proven to prevent delinquency. At an early age it is an effective promoter of changing the course of childrens lives for the better. The most commonly agreed upon age to begin e... ...have health concerns as well. possibly an upgrade with some of the standards of the Perry Preschool Project would be a sound investment in the lives of children. This investment would serve to better achieve a reduct ion in crime and delinquency. This upgrade would be comparatively simple since the current policy is similar to the Perry Project. Another very important reminder, and something that I became aware of through this project, is to endlessly consider the individuals who will be impacted by this policy. The investment in their lives is extremely important because at the ages that early intervention deals with, they may not have anyone else to fight for them. The policy that is implemented should real have the best possible outcomes for children associated with it. Head Start and other early childhood interventions are important for the children that they impact. undertake -- Children are our future and they should be given every possible opportunity to succeed in life even if they are born into disadvantaged situations. Sometimes the families of certain children cant provide as much as other childrens families and this can create a gap in the achievement and developm ent of these children. Those disadvantaged children need special programing that accommodates for the lack of cognitive and social development that if not properly addressed could lead to poor school performance and delinquency. The Head Start program was created to address this shortcoming that some children face and to catch them up with their more advantaged peers. (Garces, 2002, p. 999) Head Start was originally designed to provide a nurturing environment that would provide children with preschool education, positive social interaction, and nutritious snacks and meals to help compensate for the lack of those things in the childrens lives. Head Start does an adequate job at meeting the needs of children in the manner in which it was originally founded. The Head Start program is not bad and should not be done away with. But, from what I have learned through this study, amendments could be made to increase the longevity of the desired results. In this paper I will discuss the Head Start program. How Head Start has succeeded. The way it attempts to influence childrens behaviors. I will also discuss some of the shortcomings of the Head Start program and ways to make the program more effective. DiscussionEarly intervention into the lives of children has been proven to prevent delinquency. At an early age it is an effective means of changing the course of childrens lives for the better. The most commonly agreed upon age to begin e... ...have health concerns as well. Perhaps an upgrade with some of the standards of the Perry Preschool Project would be a sound investment in the lives of children. This investment would serve to better achieve a reduction in crime and delinquency. This upgrade would be relatively simple since the current policy is similar to the Perry Project. Another very important reminder, and something that I became aware of through this project, is to always consider the individuals who will be impacted by this policy. The investment in their l ives is extremely important because at the ages that early intervention deals with, they may not have anyone else to fight for them. The policy that is implemented should really have the best possible outcomes for children associated with it. Head Start and other early childhood interventions are important for the children that they impact.

Jean-Baptiste Lully :: essays research papers fc

Jean Baptiste Lully was a prolific composer who is best known for establishing French Opera. (Boynick) innate(p) in Florence on the 28th of November 1632, (Boynick) Giovanni Battista Lulli was a millers son. (Sadie 2000 pg 166) Lully first arrived in France in March of 1646 (Jean Baptiste Lully) to work as an attendant for a female person courtier. (Sadie 2000 pg. 166) During his six years in her household, Lully, already an expert at the guitar and violin, polished his skills as a performer and composer. (Straughan (a)) He made a name for himself as a dancer in the court ballets. (Straughan (a))He caught the attention of King Louis XIV and signly served him as "composer of instrumental medicinal drug (Straughan (a)) He soon took everywhere compositions of entire ballets. (Straughan (a)) Some time before 1656, he also took over responsibility for the string ensemble called the Petits violons, which he transformed into a group astray renowned for their discipline and artistic excellence. (Straughan (a)) A clever diplomatist and thorough courtier, he completely won the royal favour, and in March, 1672, he succeeded in ejector Abbe Perrin from the directorship of the Academy of Music, also known as the Academie Royale. (Knight) Ten years later he had consolidated his position by obtaining sole rights over all striking performances with singing.(Sadie 2000 pg. 166) Any production not affiliated with The Academie Royale was control to two singers and six players. (Jean Baptiste Lully) From that charge up on, he successfully founded modern French opera house. His involvement was not limited to musical composition. He collaborated with his poets in the production of libretti, and even took an interest in the acting and declamation of the performers. His insistence on discipline and high artistic standards in the opera orchestra was legendary (Straughan (a)) Louis XIV became ill in late 1686. (Jean Baptiste Lully) While conducting a Te Deum on January 8, 1 687, (Straughan (a)) to celebrate the kings recovery Lully accidentally hit his foot with the point of the cane he used to keep time. (Sadie 2000 pg. 166) This wound caused an abscess which proved fatal as Lully died on March 22, 1687. (Straughan (a))Jean Baptiste Lully made significant contributions to French music. His initial compositions ballets de cour didnt deviate from the Italian forms. (Straughan (a)) They were merely collections of dances and burlesque scenes. (Gregory) A step in Lullys progression from ballet to opera was the increased role of music in his ballets.

The Writings of John Donne Essays -- Biography Biographies Essays

The 17th century opened with a generation of great social change which culminated in the eventual execution of poove Charles I in 1649. This created an atmosphere of conflict that permeates much of the literature of the period. The writings of John Donne are rife with this conflict, reflecting in their content a view of shaft and women radically and cynically altered from that which preceding generations of poets had handed down.   John Donnes view of love deviated greatly from the Medieval philosophy of courtly love, which had been expressed in rhyme handed down from the sonnets of such poetic giants as Sidney and Petrarch. The general verse until then had focused greatly on the unrivalled importance of love in the context of the life of the poet (or his creations voice). Until then, love had consisted mostly of an obsession with one woman, and an exploration of the feelings and situations that this caused in the narrator.   Donnes reversal of that introversion came in the form of an intellectual exploration of the temperament of his relationships themselves. His verses often point out the selfishness inherent to new love, as in The Good-Morrow. In this poem, Donnes focus is on the exploration of the new world, which he then twists rough to imply that his entire world is formed between his mistress and himself. Love makes one room an everywhere. (l. 10) His poetic conceit (conception) is an explication of the emotional conceit (vanity) underlying love. A clearer eccentric of the universalization of love is seen in The Sun Rising with the lines She is all states, and all princes I,/Nothing else is. (ll. 21-22) With the equal weight of both his mistress and Donnes part, we see a much more than(prenominal) balan... ...iewed as equals without the risk of disrupting social norms. Yet he still attempts to resolve against the grain of this doctrine.   These social norms had been established in poetry for several hundreds of years when Donne b egan his work breaking them down. Working against such conventions in the perception of love and women, Donne radically altered his poetry to accommodate both a more human and more equal view of both. In the end, the effect of these changes may have been lost for a few centuries, as his poetry was swept aside and not embraced until the onset of Modernism, but perhaps, given the underlying misogyny of his poetry, this was for the best. Going from the diminutive extreme to the entirely distrusted extreme may have been a more frightening preference for womens history than the more gradual climb from silence we now conceive of.  

Federalist 10 Essay -- essays papers

Federalist 10Liberty. This word means galore(postnominal) things to many people. in that location is no way to distinctly define the term without leaving someones crucial point of view out of the equation. One person exponent say that revolution would be the only way to have complete and utter freedom, while others would go as far as to believe a controlled communist establishment is the best route to achieving liberation. Factions (a group of people who agree on certain topics) are inevitable, due to the nature of man. As long as men wee different opinions, have different amounts of wealth, and own different amount of property, they will continue to fraternize with people who are most comparable to them. In Federalist 10, crowd together capital of Wisconsin summed up factions eloquently stating that Liberty is faction, what air is to fire, an ailment without which it instantly expires. The government created by the Constitution controls the damage caused by such(prenomi nal) factions. The likelihood that mankind office will be held by qualified men is greater in large countries because there will be more(prenominal) representative chosen by a greater number of citizens. Power is distributed in a checks and balance format, making it difficult for factions to completely take over. Madisons views on faction are still relevant and exercised frequently even after 200 years have passed. James Madisons most awing political prediction, contained within the pages of Federalist 10, was that the United States being so large and having such a wi... Federalist 10 Essay -- essays papersFederalist 10Liberty. This word means many things to many people. There is no way to distinctly define the term without leaving someones crucial point of view out of the equation. One person might say that anarchy would be the only way to have complete and utter freedom, while others would go as far as to believe a controlled communist government is the bes t route to achieving liberation. Factions (a group of people who agree on certain topics) are inevitable, due to the nature of man. As long as men hold different opinions, have different amounts of wealth, and own different amount of property, they will continue to fraternize with people who are most similar to them. In Federalist 10, James Madison summed up factions eloquently stating that Liberty is faction, what air is to fire, an ailment without which it instantly expires. The government created by the Constitution controls the damage caused by such factions. The likelihood that public office will be held by qualified men is greater in large countries because there will be more representative chosen by a greater number of citizens. Power is distributed in a checks and balance format, making it difficult for factions to completely take over. Madisons views on faction are still relevant and exercised frequently even after 200 years have passed. James Madisons most amazing polit ical prediction, contained within the pages of Federalist 10, was that the United States being so large and having such a wi...