“Danger room” – Creative Writing

I woke up to the sound of drips on my bedroom roof, i couldn't wait to gewt out of the dump for 3 days. I packed the night before, i didn't i hade so many clothes! I found a some silk sleepsuit, which i recived for chrismas off my antie with the mole on her face, it's a welsh name and i cant say it with out pouring out 1 ton of spit. Mum was feeding the baby as i went down stairs, she was just about to drop him around my nana's, While we went away. Dad has allready out there, we entered a doogy compertion and we didn't read in the terms and contaions that you may not all get on the same flight. I was so excited, I felt like a child on the night before christmas. I couldn't wait to get onto the plane. We got in the car, droped little sam to my nans nad speeded down the motorway to the airport. When we got to the airport, the told us that we hade been upgraded to first class seats. My mum thought it was because she looked like Cathren Zeta Jones, while the way the rude, drolly dollie, looked at her like she was Pat buthcher. The only thing that came into my head was â€Å"if looks could kill† We got into our seats, they hade covbers over them, they were as smooth as slik. The runway was like a ribbon of moonlight. We blased of into the air. The stars looked so close now. After an awful film and luke warm food we lanned into New york air port. we breased through cosstums and we were soon in a Yellow cab to our hotel. The neon lights we shinning bright. I could help buty notices but there was a Mc Donald on every cornor. I was going to be happy here. I couldn't wait till the next day. The atmospher felt so nice. The next day I leaped into the arms of living. We went for breakfast. I hade a stack of pancakes. they were soacked in surup. My mum hade a cheese tostie, she expected a small one., but when it came it came New york style! There must of been about 10 types of cheese! We set of toward where my uncle worked. I haden't seen him unsince i was a baby. On the way there we saw a Televison show being filmed. The hosts hair was an exclamation mark. His jacket was reflecting sun light. If i stayed next to him, i would have court a tan! Bang! I heard a really load bang. I was so scared, you hear so many bad things about New york. All of a suddend a helecopter came shoting down from the bright sky. The letters FBI were on the bottom. Everyone was scared. Then on a big T.V. screen a man appeared and said â€Å"Stay calm, your on tv, you all just made fools of you self!† they yanky voice said. They was a grate sigh of releaf. We thought to our self, this must happen all the time in the big appel. Went into this shopping centre, they called it a mall i think. The floor was so clean you could see your reflection in it. We went into a glass lift to the 22d floor. All the shops had ended. They was just offices now. From shinny floor to gray carpet. We were looking for room 11b. Someome walked passed and ask at â€Å"Do need any help† the half naked women said in a high tone. We asked her where room 11b was. She told us. Went down a really lond corriodr. It didn't end, it was like in a cartton when they keep repeatina the background. Finaaly we came a croos a door. It said 11q on the frount. We went in and looked around. It seemed to be a abbanded, It was all messeed up. There was a second door we opened it. â€Å"Hello† my mum said. I was getting scared by now. This room was empty too. Exexpt they there was a painting. On the painting there was an envolpe. The name on it was mine. I didn't know what to think. I opened , and took outr the sheet of paper. It said † Hide†¦hide†¦hide † press the hook. By this time we thought it was one my uncles bad tricks. All of sudden we heard foot steps going down the corridor. My looked out and a bullilet was shot at her. It only just missed her. She ran back in. The foot steps were getting loader and loader. We thought † what should we do? † Then we rembared about the note. press the hook. We couldn't see the hook. Foot steps were geting so close. Mum threw the painting of the wall and noticed there was a hook. She pushed the hook into the wall like the note said. All of a suuden the floor opened bwlow us. With a swish we fell in a room,and the door closed. We didn't know what just happened. We thought it was all a dream. The room was dark, there were coboids all around. There were a wall of tv screens. With a flick of a switch, the TV came on. It was my uncle. † welcome to the danger room, i hate to tell you this but you are being hunted. Why? I dont know. You should be safe her. No one can get in, no one can get out unless you press the red button. After i get of the tv screens you will be able to see all round the offices in my work place. Rember†¦ you can reflect the danger back to the enime. Bye for now.† Me and mum looked at each and other and wondered what the hell he was on about. We knew somting bad was happeing. We looked at the tv screens. There were 3 men in the room we hade just entered. They were all wearing black. One was tall and hade a mole on has face. One was short and fat. The other guy reminded me of someone but didn't know who.

Media an Answer to Terrorists needs

In our generation today every little gadget is a product of science and technology, through this we were able to easily adapt to changes that are occurring in our world. Easy access is only a click of a hand away, may it be e-mail, bank accounts and even information because of this terrorist have taken advantage of the good things the technology has to offer. When this technology should be use as a means of communication for family, friends and relatives, it is being exploited to instill fear and terror to the minds and hearts of the people. With this technology acquired by most of the people like television and computer which are always being use, it would be easier to acquire and disseminate information to people and it would also be easier for the people to be frightened from the terrorist. In the past years it has been a mystery how these terrorist recruit there members and how they were able to communicate with them, now it has been found out that terrorist uses sites such as Paypal, Orkut and My Space to be able to connect and disseminate information from those interested to be a member. Using this site also they were able to find fund raiser and coordinate their activities, and because they use electronic dead drop they were able to avoid being detected by government agencies. Using this kind of technology is sufficient to communicate to other people without using too much time and effort, it is less cost for most of this website offer free membership as well as access and it is also safe for it is hard to be detected in a way that they could hack to other servers or satellites to avoid detection, for the terrorist it is the easiest way to communicate, for everyone now has computers, televisions and even laptops which is an easy access to information. Nowadays that people have easy access to everything, terrorist know who their audience is and because of this they were able to send the message straight that they mean business, mostly we could see terrorist abducting innocent people in television with this kind of act they were able to penetrate the mind of the people that they have no mercy to anybody, our courage   is being shaken and our trust to the government is doubtful for they cannot able to stop attacks and abduction of this terrorist. Terrorists were able to extract information from Government intelligent and agencies for they were able to hack the system, with this they use it as there own way of protection and also a way to destroy there enemy. The mass media and web technology serves as a portal or a means of bridging the gap of this terrorist and there audience to fulfill there task, and because sending e-mail message could be tampered with hidden meanings from the actual message being sent it is more advantage for the terrorist to have the upper hand from those who are in the Government. If this technology is being penetrated by terrorist, there is also a way to stop it because now it is not impossible to let things happen. To stop terrorism from sending messages or acquiring one, internet should build a program that would facilitate the site, a program that could detect hidden message from this terrorist, a program that would protect the interest of the people as well as the nation. Also it is our duty to have limit to our selves for we have been involve and caught up with all the new technology being discovered and used by the people, we are all aware that it is being use for other purpose form which it is originally should be used, we are all disturb and frighten for our safety is at stake but having this technology is not bad either for it promises a good and prospering future. All should be well if we know how to put limitations to the use of technology precaution should always be there before using     any technology. Every new discovery is for the benefit of human goodness but for some they could always see the dark things it could turn into, now it should not hinder us from discovering new ideas, technology and solution as long as you discover it for the better good and nothing more. References: Hasan, K. How Al Qaeda uses Internet.   Daily times December 8, 2005   www.Globalpulse.net (March 10, 2006)

Reading assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Reading - Assignment Example Although sovereign citizens have a lot of strategies which up their modus operandi, an interesting facet of these strategies is the use of bogus lien, in order to propagate and perpetuate sovereign citizens’ Redemption Scheme. In this regard, this paper seeks to address question 3 which demands for a discussion on how Sovereign citizens use of the law to unlawfully seize real estate and their legal "justification." According to Morlin (2013), members of the sovereign citizen use bogus lien to wage war against the government, its citizens, law enforcers and state agencies in order to intimidate, frustrate or threaten (them). The act of intimidating, threatening and even frustrating the government, its agencies, and state operatives is part of the wider Redemption Scheme. As a side note, the wideness of the Redemption Scheme is underscored by the fact that Redemption Scheme may even include killing police officers and the use of the law, as shall be seen forthwith. When law enfo rcers and/ or government officials begin to take legal actions on sovereign citizens, the officials are perceived as not acting within the frameworks of the legal authority. Liens are thus used as a war strategy against the official(s). Sovereign citizens use copyright and trademark laws to perpetuate the use of bogus lien. ... The measure above begins with members of sovereign citizens assessing the perceived damages wrought by the offender’s act of contravening copyright laws against sovereign citizens. These members may then issue First Notice and Demand for Settlement to the offender through certified mail, as a way of claiming monetary damages. Deadlines for the offender’s response may be mentioned. As is provided for by the FBI (2011), upon the expiry of the of the response period, sovereign citizens will issue a Second Notice and Demand for Settlement, with a specified response period through the same certified mail. Upon the expiry of the period for the second response, sovereign citizens may issue the offender with a Notice of Default or a Notice of Dishonor via certified mail. Ten days will be allowed for payment of monetary damages, forthwith. Since the offender seldom responds to these demands because of the fraudulent nature of the litigant’s claims, sovereign citizens will use copies of the previously sent notices and certified mail receipts to place liens against the offender’s assets and property. Provided that the lienor has completed payment on all filing fees and completed all paperwork, courts of law will give the placement of the lien the green light. This measure will not make it whether a lien is fraudulent or legitimate. Apart from the use of the legal measures above, members of sovereign citizens may also use the Common Law Grand Jury (CLGJ) and the Common Law Court (CLC) to perpetuate and justify their agenda. This is a tenable alternative since both CLC and CLGJ also comprise members of sovereign citizens who may pass judgment against offending parties. Members of sovereign citizens may use True Bills to issue Common Law liens against their target. The

Learning Styles Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Learning Styles - Coursework Example However learning styles have been criticized stating that in achieving goals and learner’s motivation, teaching or learning based on learning styles have very little impact and does not play a significant role and might typecast the learners (Coffield et al, 2004). Using the Learning style inventory assessment questionnaire (Honey and Mumford, 1992), I learnt that my preferred way of learning or learning style is reflector. In the present paper a critical reflection of the identified learning style in the context of three personal development goals is analysed along with the critical evaluation of the internal and external factors contributing to the attainment of my personal development goals and at the end learning developmental plan is giving on SMART principles. Critical Analysis of Reflector Learning Style Kolb (1984, p.38) who developed learning cycle defined â€Å"Learning as the process whereby knowledge is created through the transformation of experience†. Base d on Kolb’s (1984) learning cycle, Honey and Mumford (1992) developed the ‘learning styles inventory’, and according to Honey and Mumford (1992, p.1) â€Å"the term learning styles is used as a description of the attitudes and behaviours which determine an individual’s preferred way of learning† and no learning style is superior to that of another. The below figure gives the four learning styles developed by Honey and Mumford (1992), where they said that people either learn through teaching or experience and explained four learning stages and suggested that a person may start learning at any of the stages illustrated below. Figure 1: Honey and Mumford: Typology of Learners (Honey and Mumford, 1992) Honey and Mumford (1992), state that a reflector collects information and evaluates it before coming to a conclusion. Reflectors until and unless are sure about the conclusion does not give their opinion or judgement as they are very cautious and thoughtf ul. Reflectors favour intellectual activities, situations that are passive, for participative activity need substantial briefing beforehand, preparation time, thorough research, learning situations that are structured and do not favour pressure or time limits. They do not cope up well with lack of adequate information and well laid instructions, spontaneous thinking and time bound activities (UMIST, 2003 and University of Southampton, 2003). My main personal goal is to become a Diplomat and a good martial arts teacher because I am interested in diplomatic service and learning martial arts from a long time and want to impart the knowledge to others and popularize the art form, other than that I want to score good grades in the Business Management course, the below analysis examines whether my learning style helps in achieving these goals. A critical reflection of the identified learning style-Reflector in the context of three personal development goals. Basing on the principles of C- SMART goal setting that stands for the goals that are Challenging, Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic and Timely (Life Rocks, 2007; ECU, 2010; University of Ballarat, 2012) I have set my goals as follows. I want to become a Diplomat and a Capoeira martial arts teacher – an Afro-Brazilian martial art combined with dance but before that I want to secure good grades in the Business management course ending May 2014. I want to secure A+ grade in the course, meanwhile work part time as a Capoeira martia

Law Tort Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Law Tort - Case Study Example Keown also suffered from changes in the brain that led him to be convicted of several sexual offences later in his life. The claimant stated that as the premises had no suggestion that the fire escape was fragile, the claimant suffered his injuries because of the poor state of the premises. The NHS Trust which owned the property pointed out that Mr. Keown could be treated as a trespasser when he climbed the fire escape. Considering the danger of the state of the premises, the Trust was asked to pay a third of the damages to the claimant and the Trust appealed. The Trust placed their defence that the fire escape was not by itself dangerous and Justice Lewinson ruled that there was no reason of any danger due to the state of the premises and thus the claimant's appeal failed. The relevant cases which were cited in order to provide a judgment on this case include Donoghue v Folkestone Properties Ltd [2003] QB 1008, [2003] EWCA Civ 231 in which a young adult had dived into Folkestone harbour after midnight in mid-winter and struck his head on an underwater pile. The court ruled that there are some features within certain premises that are not inherently dangerous but which may tempt a person on the land to indulge in an activity which carries a risk of injury. In this case for Kweon, although the premises were not dangerous, his own actions seem to have caused him personal injury.

Home Depot's Blueprint for Culture Change Research Paper

Home Depot's Blueprint for Culture Change - Research Paper Example One of the greatest levels of inference that this can help to provide is with respect to the deviation that oftentimes occurs between the real world application of theory as compared to the academic interpretation for theoretical models and approaches. Firstly, Kotter and Cohen present what they term as the first stage of the eight step plan. Within this first stage, three particular steps are evidenced. These are as follows: increasing urgency, building what they term as â€Å"guiding teams,† and getting the right vision. It can immediately be inferred that they engaged with each and every one of these. Firstly, the urgency was created within the corporate level and soon diffused to the lower middle management within the entity. Secondly, it can be directly noted that the implementation of guiding teams was something that Nardelli placed a high emphasis upon. Although it would have been nice to see these guiding teams leverage a further degree of information rather than merel y seeking to implement a rather vague vision. Further, with regards to the last step in this three-step first stage, the actual vision creation and definition that Nardelli sought to engage within Home Depot was largely lacking. Although it is obvious that a new CEO was to seek to leverage increased profitability and maintain sales in an era of growing complexity and competition, the actual means by which this was to be effected were not presented in a step-by-step metric that the reader was able to follow in any discernible or applicable way. Similarly, the second stage of Kotter and Cohen’s eight step plan for instituting change is what is termed as â€Å"engaging and enabling the organization.† This stage includes the following: communication for buy-in, enablement of action, and creation of short-term wins. The is the particular stage of Kotter and Cohen’s process that Nardelli accomplished so effectively and to such a high degree, most likely providing this particular change approach with the degree of success that it ultimately achieved. By interacting with the respective stakeholders of this change process early, the communication for buy-in was related to them and understanding of the need for action was enabled. A more difficult part of this process is allowing for a situation in which short-term wins can be created so that stakeholders not only are continually cognizant of the process but also are aware of the fact that the changes that they have thus far implemented have reflected positively and will allow for future success. However, even though this is difficult, it was achieved by Nardelli in the fact that the changes in approach were proven successful to the stakeholders by increased sales numbers and profitability (Charan, 2006). Moreover, even though the cultural change that was implemented forced many individuals within middle management out of their respective comfort zones, it also allowed for a reconsideration of the a version to paperwork and central procedures that have thus far pervaded the entire business. The final stage of Kotter and Cohen’s eight step process is what is termed as implementing and sustaining change. Within this particular stage exist the following two steps: not letting up and making the idea / change stick. Although it might be easy to say that there are verified statistics that help to prove that Nardelli did not

Innovation and competition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Innovation and competition - Essay Example For instance, the insurance industry is highly competitive thereby necessitating the need to have great marketing techniques among other skills in order to gain competitive advantage over the competitors. Focusing on two of the main insurance companies in the United States, Geico and State Farm Insurance, using VRIO analysis gives a clearer picture of how to gain competitive advantage in highly competitive sectors such as insurance. Several approaches can be used to attain an efficient marketing strategy. Some of the commonly used approaches include blue ocean strategy, porter’s five forces model, and advertising. The blue ocean strategy is deeply dependent on innovation and discovery of new consumer demands that are not yet explored. The blue ocean strategy focusses on improving the current market, for instance, by combining two or more closely related demands. In addition, it is highly dependent on the quality while still maintaining low costs of the products and services offered. The less valued products and services are replaced by the highly valued and demanded ones thereby raising the standards of the market and making it stronger. For example, the State Farm has many subsidiaries that offer great insurance services that range from fire, casualty, and mutual insurance among others. However, despite the increasingly many subsidiaries, State Farm has been able to fully satisfy it clients thereby creating unlimited loyalty. Additionally, Geico offers full time response service hence satisfying the customers fully. Moreover, Geico offers low rates to military personnel and government worker s which is arguably different from what some of the other insurance companies do. As a result, Geico has greatly grown over the recent surpassing some of the great insurance companies such as Allstate. According to a report by SNL, GEICO made $4.89 billion through direct premiums based on the third quarter of 2013 whereas Allstate

2-3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

2-3 - Essay Example The notable features of the product include the GPS chip-set that would capture satellite signals to give precise locations; and the cell phone unit with a digital map on its screen. Furthermore, the device will also provide the user with a voice over for actual location with bearings also sent as text messages. The major advantage with this product is that it is cost effective and can easily be integrated with current manufacturing process. Since it relies on existing technology, it offers new opportunities to cell phone companies for extending their market. The most significant benefit is that it would align multiple requirements of GPS technology in a single device. It will be highly useful in rescue operations and other activities like sailing, hiking, and biking. Finally, its ability to identify location will help investigators to trace stolen cell phones. The process is simple as putting an additional chip-set inside the cell phone units. However, buildings and mountains can block signals from being sent or received. But worldwide coverage and entirely free access to technology will be an

Solving problem of elctrodynamic Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Solving problem of elctrodynamic - Assignment Example As before, the procedure for determining the Greens function is to split. The region of interest in to two parts (one on each side of the observation point), and separate solutions of the Laplace equation that satisfy the boundary conditions of every region, and then join the two solutions at the source point such that their values match up but the first derivative (in whichever dimension we chose sides) has a finite discontinuity. The solution in the first region must be admissible down to which excludes the in term and the negative powers of p. However, these terms may be included in the solutions for region in second place. In individually regions, the solution must vanish at which excludes the cos terms Henceforth when the electromagnetic disturbance has reached the origin, the particle has traveled as far as the electromagnetic disturbance did, but in the opposite direction, so it is now twice as far from the origin as it was when the disturbance we are just now feeling was generated. The electric fields do not depend on the unprimed variables and come out of the integrals, which was the point of the Taylor sequences expansion. After a little manipulation, we recognize the integrals that are left as the dipole moment and quadrupole moments d) If, instead of the semi-classical charge density used above, the electron in the 2p state was described by a circular Bohr orbit of radius , rotating with the transition frequency w0, what would the predicted power be? Express your answer in the same units as in part b and evaluate the ratio of the powers numerically. b) We now want to calculate the ï ¬ elds from the potentials. This is mostly straight forward, albeit tedious, algebra. We need to remember that the dipole moment is evaluated at the retarded time, so that there is an implicit time dependence in p (t0) a) Starting with the Proca Lagrangian density (12.91) and following the same procedure as for the electro

Installing and Upgrading Software Essay Example for Free

Installing and Upgrading Software Essay There are a number of reasons for upgrading software, generally the main reason is that the software has been improved or security problems have been addressed, or it offers new functionality. You may also install or update software when a new piece of hardware is installed in order to make it compatible. Other reasons may include software which is no longer supported by the manufacturer. If the software in question brings new functionality to the computer system in day to day life and makes that task easier, then you should consider updating. You also upgrade when you need to or when you want to upgrade or when your system is not working properly, existing software fails to run correctly and when additional functionality required. Sometimes, your pc crashes, freezes, your PC runs very slow, Having Problems Shutting down the computer and Shutting down applications and sometimes its shutdown while you are doing something or you may just get blank screen. If you find that you need more power in your machine and then you can upgrade your components, when your computer stops doing what you need it to do, then it is time to consider upgrading or replacing the computer. You upgrade when your existing system is not work properly, when you need new hardware or new software for your system and sometimes it may be company policy that you upgrade systems. You upgrade to fix programming bugs and security holes. Describe the potential prompt that initiate new or upgrade software: When you upgrade the software it might not work because it may not be suitable for the system specification, so in that situation you will need to upgrade the system to allow that software to work. Upgrading new software is used in computing and user electronics, generally meaning replacement of software with a newer version, in order to bring the system up to date to improve its characteristics. When installing or upgrading you should be aware of all the different types of risks that can occur risks such as prompts. Explain the advantage and potential disadvantage of the installation or upgrade of new software: The advantages of the installation or upgrades of the new software are that it may allow you to install different applications and also it may add new features to your current software. The disadvantages is that the upgrade may not be successful or even cause problems to other software which are currently installed and also it may stop other applications from running. It also may cause problems to existing system.

Environmental Pollution In Malaysia

Environmental Pollution In Malaysia Malaysia is rapidly developing towards being an industrial country. Many industries such as heavy and light industries, small and medium industries and backyard industries have been growing in the last ten years. The increase in industrial and agricultural activities has created a new demand in housing, urbanization, transportation and medication as the population increase. All these will contribute to environmental problems especially pollution due to the accumulation of hazardous chemicals such as heavy metals in environment. Environmental pollution has become a major issue that requires immediate action as it may effects human health. Pollution can take many forms such as water and air that we breathe. Urbanization in developed and development country, civilization and industrialization make the situation of the environment worsened as such that there is no more safe place to live. From the chemistry dictionary, pollution can be define as an undesirable change in the physical, chemical, or biological characteristics of the natural environment, brought about by mans activities. It may be harmful to human or non living things. Basically there are two main classes of pollutants which are biodegradable which means it can be rendered harmless by natural processes and need therefore cause no permanent harm if adequately dispersed or treated such as sewage. Another type is nonbiodegradable which cannot be decomposing by microbial activity. For example heavy metals such as lead, DDT and other chlorinated hydroca rbons used as pesticides, which eventually accumulate in the environment and may be concentrated in food chains. Pollution also can be describes as the introduction of foreign substances into the biosphere. It may affect the soil, rivers, seas, or the atmosphere. The pollutants that are released from the anthropogenic activities such as agricultural industries, open burning, solid waste disposal, sewage treatment plants and transportation produce hazardous and poisonous pollutants such as SO2, NOx, heavy metals and hydrocarbon compounds that effects not only human but also both plants and animals that can cause death. Some of these hazardous pollutants find their way into the human system through the food web. They may undergo biotransformation, metabolism and excreted without the risk of toxicity depending on the chemical characteristics of the compound and the dose in human body. However, some of the pollutants resist chemical and biological transformation and accumulate in the tissues, including the nerves, to cause toxicity. The adverse effects of these pollutants on the nerves system give rise to neurotoxicity. Rana et al.,(2004); Katranitsas et al., (2003) found that there is evidence that increasing exposure to toxic elements in marine and terrestrial organisms is having adverse toxicological consequences. Therefore heavy metals pollution become serious issues that must been concerned. Unlike other pollutants such as petroleum hydrocarbons and domestic and municipal litter which may visibly build up in the environment, trace metals in the environment may accumulate unnoticed to toxic levels. Generally, human health problems associated with trace metal contamination have been well-highlighted in the literature. In spite of the relatively low level of industrial activity in less developed regions there is nevertheless a high potential of toxic heavy metal pollution. The distribution of metals in the environment is a result of natural processes (volcanoes, erosion, spring water, bacterial activity) and anthropogenic activities (fossil fuel combustion, industrial and agricultural processes) (Florea and Busselberg, 2006). Heavy metals such as arsenic lead, copper, cadmium, or zinc are released from the earthà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s crust into the environment through anthropogenic sources such as non-ferrous metal industry or non-renewable energy consumption. These substances can cause major damage to human health or to ecosystem stability even at low concentrations in soils. To overcome this issue, many countries have taken numerous initiatives especially the developed country. For example, in 2001 the European Union council signed the 1979 Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution on Heavy Metals (Europa, 2007). Therefore there are many methods to evaluate and assess the presence of these substances. One of them is biological used. The application of biological forms as the indicators is the best ways to evaluate the environmental condition. According to (Szczepaniak and Biziuk, 2003; Bargagli, 1998), in order to detect, evaluate and minimize the effects, there has been an emphasis in the use of natural bioindicators to monitor atmospheric quality in both urban and rural environments. Examples of bioindicators are lichens, fish, and mosses. One of the bioindicators that can be used is lichens. Lichens are widely known as an excellent indicator to assess our environment. Lichens play importance roles to forest communities. Lichens represent a rare source of readily digestible food at all times of year and in diverse environments due to their ability to survive in extreme climate condition. More generally, lichens act as pioneer species in barren or disturbed environments; their growth on rock surfaces is one of the primary stages of soil formation in such environments (BrÃÆ' ¥kenhielm, 1998; Cooper, 1953 in Dawson, 2008). Lichens are small, non-vascular plants consisting of a fungus and an alga growing together in one tissue. Normally lichens are found on the bark of trees, or the reindeer lichens growing on the ground, but many other species grow on rocks, fences, roofs, tombstones, and other objects. The characteristic of lichen that sensitive to the changes of the surrounding makes them as an excellent bioindicator s and biomonitors for air pollution, especially sulfur dioxide pollution, since they derive their water and essential nutrients mainly from the atmosphere rather than from the soil. A lot of studies towards lichens had been done related to pollution especially air pollution in most Europen countries and North America Asia. During the period 1973-1988, approximately 1500 papers were published on the effects of air pollution on lichens Richardson (1988) cited in Ahmadjian (1993), and many general reviews of lichens and air pollution have been compiled (Ahmadjian, 1993). The legislation about air quality that they made has been passes through out the countries especially in developing countries where air pollution is bad. In Malaysia, several studies has been conducted (Mokhtar et al., 2006) to determine the heavy metals pollution level using lichen at difference places. From the research, they found out that the sensitivity of lichens towards heavy metals vary from each species. Most of species of lichen have a wide geographical distribution, which allows for a study of pollution covering wide areas and its high capacity to accumulate metals (Burton, 1986). Hutchi nson et al., (1996) stated that lichens do not have seasonal variations and therefore accumulation of pollutants can occur all year-round. Lichens and mosses usually have considerable longevity, which led to their use as long-term integrators of atmospheric deposition (Sloof, 1993). The benefits of using lichens as quantitative biological monitors of air metal deposition compare to conventional air sampling techniques rise from that lichens are present in most terrestrial habitats, are perennial, inexpensive and easy reproduced (Baffi et al., 2002). Problem statement Nowadays the level of heavy metals in the environment increasing day by day as the world becomes much more developed. This is because the uncontrolled released of heavy metals leads to the pollution due to the excessive anthropogenic activities. The continuous loading of heavy metals into inland and coastal water make the situation worsens. Anthropogenic activities such as mining, smelting and agriculture have locally increased the levels of heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), arsenic (As) and nickel (Ni) in soil up to dangerous levels for plants, animals and human beings. Although with the forest around us, the status of heavy metals level quite crucial as the result of human daily activities, dense population area near the forest and also an increasing of the transportation. These activities give adverse effect to the life being as they enter into the environment. Other than that the regulations provided by Malaysian government which is the Env ironmental Quality Act 1974 by Department of Environment, still not fully been forced due to the involvement other parties such as local authority to take action when the level of pollutants exceed the standard given especially in coastal area. This is due to the different department have different responsibilities. Nevertheless these parties can be work together to create a better life. Meanwhile due to the lack of studies towards the lichens in our country, the data obtained can help the local authority in decision making process thus maintained the quality. Besides that, it would help to make an assessment about the environmental condition and perhaps to improve environmental quality status. Objective This study was carried out in order to achieve as the followings: To quantify the heavy metals present in lichens. To evaluate the level of heavy metals in lichens. To establish the correlation of heavy metals pollutants in lichens with the surrounding environment. Significant of study By knowing that different species has different sensitivity towards heavy metals, it allow bettering understanding about the sensitivity of lichens towards heavy metals at surrounding environment. The presence or absences of species in areas can give better understanding about the sensitivity of lichens towards the pollutants. The data obtained also can be used to assess the toxicology effects not only to the lichens but also on human. Heavy metals can very toxic if the level of the pollutants higher than the limited given. The data also can create the distribution patterns of lichens at that place. The pollution level and status place also can be determined. This study provides a reference record for conducting further biomonitoring studies. Thesis organization The determination of heavy metals in lichens as bioindicators is a thesis based on previous research in different sampling location. Overall, this thesis consists of five chapters which are to assist in understanding and ease to organize through writing process. The chapters in this thesis have been organizing as follows: Chapter 2 generally discuss about the used on lichens as bioindicators. In this chapter, it also has detailed explanation on the morphology of lichens that play important role in accumulate heavy metals. It also include the history on the scientific research on lichens, the significant role on absorb the heavy metals and the effects of air pollution and metal pollution towards lichens. Chapter 3 is more focusing on research methodology. In this part, it is divided into three parts which are the description on area of study, sampling collection and lastly laboratory analysis which is the procedure to determine heavy metals using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS). Chapter 4 is focusing on the results obtained and discussion. In this chapter, it discuss about the data obtained after analyze by ICP-MS. It also include the statistical tools to analyze the precision of the data obtain in order to have a good data. It also states the results and the data interpretation between the samples. Chapter 5 is the last chapter which is the conclusion. In this part, it concludes for the whole chapter in the thesis. It related on the objective of the study including the recommendation to improve the research on lichens.

Princess Diana :: Informative

Princess. What does the term really mean? Most people associate it with a fairy-tale life. You have everything you want right at your finger-tips. You are perfectly happy and nothing can go wrong. In reality though, is this true? Lady Diana Spencer was seen as a perfect, flawless princess. But who really was she? What did the title â€Å"Princess† mean to her? Diana secretly struggled with insecurity her entire life, but her determination and compassion shaped the way the world thought of her. Throughout her life Diana displayed a very insecure nature. Psychologists think this was rooted in her childhood (Smith). When she was six, her mom left her family (Smith). After her parent’s high-profile divorce was finalized, she remembered her father’s distant, lonely silences, and her mother’s constant crying (Morton 35). Diana described this as a â€Å"wish-washy and painful experience† (33). Due to these circumstances she felt detached and different from others at a very young age (34). For Diana’s engagement party to the Prince of Wales, she wore a black dress that she thought was â€Å"pretty and smart† (51-52). When Prince Charles saw her, he said with disgust, â€Å"only people in mourning wear black† (170-171). She was destroyed by this comment. She needed people’s constant support and compliments (170). Later in her marriage, her husband’s lack of attention led her to suffer from bulimia and to make several su icide attempts (85-86). Once, when she was attempting to gain Prince Charles’ attention, she took a penknife and cut her chest and thighs (77). Seeing the bloody sight he said, â€Å"You are crying wolf.† This comment added to her negative self-esteem (188). The constant press coverage put her under lots of pressure. â€Å"It warped her sense of who she was through its unrealistic expectations, distortions, exaggerations and outright inventions† (Smith). It made her believe she had to live up to the impossible expectations that were being forced on her (Smith). Diana was easily influenced and very sensitive. She let other people’s views of her and life’s uncontrollable circumstances affect her self-image. Diana showed great determination by following what she believed in. She had a passion for ballet throughout her entire life. When she was at boarding school, she would sneak down to an empty corridor at night and practice for hours on end. Even though she grew too tall to accomplish her dreams of becoming a professional ballerina, she kept dancing throughout her adult years (Morton 125).

Free College Admissions Essays: I Traded it All to Be a Filmmaker :: College Admissions Essays

I Have Traded it All to Be a Filmmaker I left a secure job and a lifestyle that would have catapulted me into the upper middle class by age 30. I disappointed my family and shocked my friends, but the applause from the packed auditorium vindicated my decision to pursue my passion. At great expense, I decided to follow my dreams, to refuse to be disappointed or discouraged by life. As I reflected on all the difficulties I persevered through in reaching that point in my life, I felt a hand patting me on my shoulder praising my work. I was born in Omaha, Nebraska on August 28,1972 because my mother slipped on an onion peel while shopping at the local Hinky Dinky Supermarket; the fall induced her labor and out I popped. In this rather unsophisticated environment, where on Saturday the second largest city is a packed college football stadium, I somehow developed artistic aspirations, but did not have the opportunity to make cultural pursuits a major part of my life. At the age of twelve, my father accepted a job with Levi Strauss and moved the family to Kansas City. At this crucial stage in my development, I found the arts fascinating, especially while studying literature in junior high. Unlike the other students who flocked to the hundreds of early eighties Spring Break movies, I developed a discriminating taste and longed for the quality I would find in a Stanley Kubrick film. At night, tackling Crime and Punishment or watching Dr. Strangelove took precedence over arcades and football. I carried my love for literature with me when I attended the University of Kansas. I also studied economics, which combined my interests in philosophy, history and mathematics. However, while I studied economics for somewhat practical reasons and never thought of the discipline as compelling enough to devote my entire life to, my interests in film and music began to mature. Exposed to the unconventional films of Hal Hartley, Mike Leigh, and John Sayles and to the poetic music of Tom Waits and Leonard Cohen, I prized their works' brilliant storytelling, and this feature inspired my own work and my eventual pursuit of filmmaking. Facing high college loans and a desire to be economically secure, I chose not to pursue my dreams immediately out of college. I fooled myself into thinking my passion for filmmaking was just a hobby and that I would be better off pursuing a more " serious" career, one with respect and a high salary.

Compare and Contrast the Demographic Perspectives of Thomas Malthus and Karl Marx with respect to the causes and consequences of population growth Essay

â€Å"As we venture further into the 21st century, the global population seems to be growing at an alarming rate. By 2030 the world is to home of estimation 8.3 billion, as compared to 6.12 billion just 30 years prior.† (UN 2008) This quote speaks to the increasing population growth that the world is facing right now. A demographic perspective is an understanding of how the causes of population are related to the consequences. Thomas Malthus and Karl Marx are population theorists who are concerned with the control of the population, modernization and economic growth, to name a few. Firstly, Poverty was one of the leading problems that both sociologists saw would come out of the population growth. However they both ascertain it to two different causes. â€Å"Population growth is generated by human beings who like other species are driven by a special urge to reproduce.† (Malthus) Malthus posited that it was due to persons in poverty with all their free time and their timeless passion that poverty is on the rise. He believes that persons in poverty because they have nothing to do during the day just engage in sexual activity and reproduce causing population growth at an exponential level. On the other hand Marx attacked the writing of Thomas Malthus retorting that â€Å"free time to have sex† wasn’t the cause but in fact the cause was an exploitation of the workers by the owners of the means of production. He attested that the specific relations of exploitation which obtained at that time between wage workers and capitalists, and the antagonistic relations between the landed and the industrial interests, changing them into the operation of the natural law of necessity that manifests itself through positive checks to population growth. Furthermore Marx and Malthus differ in opinions on if society continues to increase can they survive i. e. feed themselves. Malthus in his essay on the Principle of Population (1798), Malthus presented a startling idea. He theorized that the population grew exponentially (i.e. 2,4,6,8 etc), whilst food supply grew arithmetically (i.e. 1, 2, 3 etc). This idea, dubbed the ‘Malthusian Equation’, was seen as proof that the world population would inevitably outstrip food supply. The result, he believed, would be human anarchy. The population would thus be dramatically reduced, as many ‘the majority being poor’ would die from starvation. This can be supported with the study in Calcutta; India which has witnessed unbridled population growth. In the streets of the city, which are notorious for being the dirtiest and most densely populated in the world, thousands starve to death. (Musapha, 2006). However Marx did not feel the same way as he disputes Malthus’ statement about society not being able to last. Marx postulates that the food supply is not threatened by over-population. He claims that with the use of technology it is possible to produce food and other goods needed to meet the demand of a growing population. Therefore the growing population would survive as technological advancements would make it possible. Nevertheless the issue of over-population is a key issue to be discussed. These two sociologists see differing arguments when it comes to over-population. Malthus believes that over-population would lead to famine, pestilence and war which would act as a natural limit to human population increase. In order to combat the imminent demise of the human race, Malthus suggested preventative and positive checks. He was particularly critical of the poor, who he saw as thorns in the side of society. He was a strong advocator of the abolition of the â€Å"Poor Law†, a welfare system which he believed encouraged the poor to reproduce themselves. He saw no reason to pay the poor as they wouldn’t be able to ameliorate their position and would continue to be a ‘parasite’ on society. Instead he advocated that the money be given to the upper classes, so they could contribute to high society: art, science etc. He believed strongly that it was the poor who were to be eradicated and the rich to take the dominion of the world and carry on the rich legacy. In Herbert’s Spencer this was â€Å"survival of the fittest†. On the contrary Marx’s most robust criticism of Malthus’ theory is the latter’s opinion that the poor are culpable for the global demise. He believes that it is not the poor that is to be blamed for the population surge, but the rich. He believes that in an effort to accumulate and expand capital growth, the rich rely heavily on the poor to reproduce themselves. This is because when there is a large labour force but a scarcity of jobs the worker, in his desperation for employment, will work for anything. Thus the capitalists are able to keep wages very low and a â€Å"reserve army of labour† is endangered, who will work at anytime for anything. The bourgeoisie brainwash the proletariat into thinking that large families will result in greater chances of employment, and as a result, population sees a marked expansion. Therefore, in Marx’s eyes, Malthus’ theory in the capitalist’s attempt to rectify social phenomena and blame the poor for something that is not their fault. In closing, both the Malthusian and Marxist theories on demographics have their similarities and differences. There are tenets of their ideas coming through in all aspects of modern society. However, to apply only one to the current situation is a flawed approach, as there must be a combination of the best elements of the two.

Perception of the CABEIHM Students Essay

Romeo G. Fajardo (2006) stressed that the student’s success is dependent on their effectiveness, efficiency and concentration on studying and these are affected by the learning materials they use and the way they use it. Hence, the value of studying is precious and not to be squandered, no matter what the students believe regarding this matter. Study habits play a major role in academic achievement of the students because without this habit, certainly they cannot fully succeeded on their study. Students cannot learn simply by being told what to do or by watching others, they have to practice studying frequently. Successful students employ time management system to create study patterns that work and use active learning methods to add meaning and interest to their study time and maintaining their motivation by connecting reasons for study to their life goals and values. Learners must develop and established good study habits in doing school work, which can raised their academic performance. If the students can easily develop a good study skills, this can be considered as their assets as learner. Students can easily attain the mastery and areas of specialization and excellent performances for them to gradually attain achievements through their consistent study habits. High grades are commonly the aim of the students. According to Aguire (2004), it is not enough to simply think about studying but to actually do it or apply it. Practicing doesn’t make perfect but practice of studying can make students perfect end successful. The value of education of study habits interrelates the value of studying wherein the student can easily save time, make every hour of studying counts, consider when they will study and accepts the thing and assurance that the students can have. High educational achievement attained by the learners in school is the primary objective of education. It cannot be achieved in a split second or snap of a finger. Many school learners fail in their studies due to their inability to cope with the daily obstacles and demands in schools. Effective study skills are about more than understanding and it must be practiced in order to improve and enable the students to perform in school properly. It is not enough to simply â€Å"think about† studying, it must be performed. Study habits are considered as routinary activity of the students, there is a lot of things that can influence their way of studying for each passing day. Now, the trends in technology can easily catch the student’s attention. Since students are one of the target of fast changing technology, there are several web pages known as social networking site created for them and this became trending because of its several links. As time goes by, the usage of social networking site became virtual habit of the students. Before, they were devoting their free time in studying; now they are spending more time in using social network , some uses it to improve their way of studying and others is to just enjoy the features of it. On the other hand, nowadays studies of the students are getting harder, they rely on social network because they perceive it as a tool in getting access to information easily but unfortunately this could affect their studying capabilities, focus and attention unlike before when the social network is not yet existing wherein students rely on traditional way of studying, specifically the usage of books. The researchers opted to conduct this study because they are interested to determine the effects of the usage of social network in their study habits. Background of the study College of Accountancy Business Economics and International Hospitality Management (CABEIHM) offers five courses; BS in Accounting Management, BS in Accountancy, BS in Business Administration, BS in Hotel and Restaurant Management and BS in Tourism Management. It has the most numbered students who are also using social network in their study. Considering this, it is interesting to determine their perception regarding the social networking effects on their study habits. The researchers opted to conduct this study because they will be determining if the respondents can clearly indicate their perception on the effects of emerging social networking in their study habits. Setting of the Study The study of the Perception of the CABEIHM Students on the Effect of Social Networking on their Study Habits The respondents will be 200 CABEIHM Students who are selected from 1st – 4th year.

Pestle Analysis for Education

Political| * Schools being privatised (like the NHS) * A government initiative creates the risk that the school may fail to deliver the policy or be diverted away from local priorities etc. * Changes to the skills required to be a teacher/ tutor * Changes to curriculum with short lead times * Requirement to be self managing * Requirement to be self financing| Economic| * Central or local government funding decisions may affect school/ establishment finances * Closure of a local industry may affect fund raising plans etc. Ability of parents to raise funds for optional activities * The need to run breakfast/ after schools clubs * Ability to invest ‘savings/ surpluses’ * Cost of providing resources: * Staff – teaching & support * Basics – books/ paper * Technology solutions laptops etc * Interest rates * Shortages of materials on national/ international markets * Over provision of school places in the area resulting in competition from neighbouring schools * T he risk of highly valued, key staff moving on to more ‘up and coming’ schools/ academies| Social| * Decline in birth rate, reflecting national trends * Local population changes (increasing/ decreasing numbers) * Demographic changes may affect likely pupil rolls or the nature of pupils needs e. g. pupils with English as a second language etc. Closure of local firms providing employment * Inability to attract staff * Social networking – blogs, facebook, twitter * Changes to qualifications expected * Integration with local community * Integration of students with special needs * parental preference – an increase in ‘parent power’ has allowed parents more freedom of choice over their child’s school * the risk of highly valued, key staff moving on to more up-and-coming establishments * Information is accessible to staff anywhere in the world via the Internet * Staff were not given enough training or access to effectively change their habits and how they expected information to be made available| Technological| * Changes to standards/ equipment required * Risk of selecting the wrong technology at times of change (i. e. windows -v- open source) * New computer viruses may affect school/ college operations, * Disturbing/ illegal images on the internet may affect ICT security measures etc. * Move from paper based books to e-book readers * Computer hardware being out of date * Computer software being out of date * Time to anage IT systems  | Legislative| * new legislation may create risks of non-compliance with the law, create new administrative burdens etc * Changes to child protection legislation * Raise the age of school leaving age * Raise/ lower the age of starting school. Nursery/ kindergarten * Change to school opening hours * Changes to funding of charity based organisations * Health & safety legislation| Environmental| * A new highway layout near the school may create new dangers for pupils etc * Waste disposal * Reduction of green space available for activities * Changes to local bus routes * Using a significant amounts of paper and photocopier toner to produce printed information. |

Sen No Rikyu Sen

Sen No Rikyu The most influential Japanese tea master in Japan’s history is considered to be Sen No Rikyu. He made the tea ceremony Chanoyu (Way of tea) into an art form. Sen no Rikyu was born in 1522 to the name of Yoshiro in the merchant city of Sakai. Rikyu was born to a prominent family, his father, Yohei, was a city council member (The Japanese Way, 1998) as well as an accomplished merchant. (Above) Sen No Rikyu Developing of Wabi-Cha Wabi-Cha is a Japanese discipline of drinking tea. As stated in the article â€Å"Two for Tea†: The â€Å"Wabi† refers to the beauty that is found in simple things and Cha means tea. Japan Journal) At a young age Sen No Rikyu began to study tea ceremony under Kitamuki Dochi. During his time with kitamuki Dochi, he studied the elegant tea traditions of Higashiyama, which resembles that of a traditional Chinese tea ceremony and is best suited for a shoin room. (Fujimori, 2007) See link for a brief description of a Shoin Room: htt p://www. metmuseum. org/toah/works-of-art/shoin_room At the age of 19 Sen No Rikyu began to study under Takeno Jo-o, where he learned the contemporary style of tea ceremony.This type of tea ceremony was best suited for a smaller room, known as thatched tea house. In the Daitoku-ji temple, located northwest of Kyoto, Rikyu underwent Zen training as a Zen-Buddhist. After his training he changed his name to Sen Soueki (Japanese). By combining these two different methods of tea ceremonies, he was able to create a new foundation for tea ceremonies as declared in the article â€Å"Rikyu and the Fruition of the way of tea†: As this indicates, Rikyu first studied with Kitamuki Dochin, who practiced the Higashiyama style of tea that had come down from Noami.Thereafter, he studied with Joo in the Juko tradition, and by conjoining these two strands, he was able to construct a new basis for the success of Chanoyu. (The Japanese Way, 1998) (Above) Daitoku-Ji temple Daitoku-ji temple Video : http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=XlurloSuiC0 Sen no Rikyu continue to perfect his tea ceremonial style of Wabi and by 1580 he had fashioned what we know today as Wabi-Cha. As acknowledged in â€Å"Three Chanoyou and Momoyama: Conflict and transformation in Rikyu art†: A number of tea gatherings were recorded which suggest further development of his inclination toward Wabi sensitivities.In the summer of 1577 he held a gathering to open his tea room, probably in Sakai, and invited Matsue Ryusen, Tennojiya Doshitsu, and Tsuda Sogyu; apart from the Koshima bowl, all his tea articles were common and plain, and the meal (kaiseki) was quite simple. The next year he again held a simple gathering in his small room (kozashiki). He continued also to host tea gatherings at which he used the daisu stand, but by 1580 it is clear that he had developed a strong Wabi style. (Tea in Japan, 1998) Thatched tea house Entrance of a Thatched tea houseTea ceremony For a full description a of That ched tea house build by Sen no Rikyu see the first three minutes of this YouTube video: http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=WboHExBcKSg Success as tea master From a young age Sen No Rikyu was a talented tea ceremony host, this is known through the evidence of people writing about his tea ceremonial talent. As stated in the article: â€Å"Tea and council: The political role of Sen Rikyu†: A rich Nara merchant recorded in his diary that he had attended a tea ceremony hosted by the fifteen-year-old Rikyu.This shows that the boy must have been sufficiently accomplished to serve tea to such an important man and that already at this age he had successfully entered the exclusive circle of the powerful commercial elite. (Bordat, 1977) There isn’t a great deal of information about Rikyu middle years. What it’s know is that he continue to developed his tea ceremony methods and became popular among other tea masters of Sakai.As stated in the article â€Å"Three Chanoyu and Momoyama: Conflict and Transformation in Rikyu’s Art†: When Rikyu invited his teacher Joo to a gathering in 1544, just seven months before Joo's death, he used a Korean tea bowl, a kettle with a pattern of clouds and dragons, a Hotei incense container, a Kinrinji tea caddy, and a water jug of Shigaraki earthenware, and displayed a painting by Mu Ch'i with his own inscription in the alcove. These were all suitably valuable articles to show that Rikyu was in the first rank of Sakai tea men.A decade later Rikyu hosted a gathering with Imai Sokyu as the only guest, and Sokyu's account shows that Rikyu continued to collect and use famous and valuable articles; he placed a Semehimo kettle in the hearth, narcissus flowers in the highly-prized Tsuru no Hitokoe flower vase, and used a Shigaraki water jug, a Korean tea bowl, and the celebrated Narashiba Katatsuki tea caddy which had been beloved by Torii Insetsu and was afterward passed to Shimai Soshitsu of Hakata and, finally, to Hideyoshi (I should discuss about him later on).The available records thus make clear that Rikyu from an early age shared with the other Sakai tea men a liking for the collection and display of valuable articles, and he developed his aesthetic sense in accordance with his training in the Higashiyama tradition. (Ludwig, 1989) Below are two of Sen No Rikyu best saying: Though many people drink tea, if you do not know the Way of Tea, tea will drink you up. and The Way of Tea is naught but this: first you boil water, then you make the tea and drink it. Sen No Rikyu and his political rise.Even though Sen No Rikyu was a well known tea master, he never serve tea to the most powerful Daimyo of the region Oda Nobunaga, as stated in the article â€Å"Three Chanyu and Momoyama: Conflict and Transformation Rikyu’s Art†: Rikyu never attained such importance with Nobunaga, perhaps because his merchant family was not as powerful in Sakai. Approximately in 1570 Sen no Rikyu was int roduced to Oda Nobunaga, during this period Nobunaga was attempting the unification of Japan. Nobunaga who popularized Sen no Rikyu tea ceremony used it originally as a way to talk politics and business. Oda Nobunaga Biography) Rikyu along with Imai Sokyu, and Tsuda Sogyu, were placed in charge of tea ceremonies for Nobunaga. By 1575 Rikyu was acting tea master for Nobunaga as stated in the article â€Å"Three Chanoyou and Momoyama: Conflict and transformation in Rikyu art†: At a victory celebration after in 1575, Nobunaga turned to chanoyu and hosted a deluxe gathering at Myokoji Temple, inviting seventeen tea men from Kyoto and Sakai to display and use his many treasured tea articles.Rikyu's role in this sumptuous ceremony is indicated in Shincho Koki by the phrase â€Å"sado wa Soeki,† showing that Rikyu acted as tea master for Nobunaga. (Ludwig, 1989). (Above) Oda Nobunaga Rikyu continue to gain prestige above the other two tea master, mostly due to Nobunagaâ€℠¢s preference for Rikyu as he had become his secretary and highly trusted middleman. (Bodart, 1977) During this same period Rikyu was an established merchant that supported Nobunaga’s campaign as stated in the essay â€Å"Tea in Japan†: In a letter from Nobunaga address to Rikyu there is this note of thanks for a thousand musket balls.As Nobunaga continue to gain land he wanted to transform Chanoyu into his own possession (Kamakura, 1989), causing it to become a national practice, as it was way of showing Nobunaga’s supremacy. In 1582 Oda Nobunaga was assassinated, after a power struggle Toyotomi Hideyoshi claim most of Nobunaga’s clan and land. During this period Rikyu ingenuity ascended to new heights as well as his political power.In 1585 for the first time tea was formally presented to the Emperor, Emperor Ogimachi, at the Imperial Palace. As Rikyu didn’t posses rank or status he could not attend the ceremony, this issue was solve and is best d escribe in the essay â€Å"Sen No Rikyu: Inquiries into his life†: In order to be admitted into the palace either to have such as high rank and office, or alternatively, to assume the status of a priest who transcendent lay distinctions.Thus Rikyu took the priestly designation of Koji (Buddhist Layman) It is also believe that at this time Rikyu rose from one of many tea master to become Tenka Gosado â€Å"the tea master of Japan. (Bodart, 1977) (Above) Toyotomi Hideyoshi During Hideyoshi reign Rikyu political power increase so much so that he played a central role as stated in the article â€Å"Three Chanyu and Momoyama: Conflict and Transformation Rikyu’s Art†:With Hideyoshi in control, the political use of the leading tea masters continued, and Rikyu played a central role.This can be seen from his letters of 1584 and 1585, which show he was well informed of Hideyoshi's plans in the campaign against Oda Nobukatsu's and Tokugawa Ieyasu's forces and the Etchu ca mpaign against the Sassa, took a deep interest in these military affairs, and was even given responsibility in the custody of Osaka. (Ludwig, 1989) (Above) Osaka Castle Sen No Rikyu Death Rikyu became more than a tea master to Hideyoshi, he was often an advisor on other matters. Hideytoshi allow Rikyu to maintain his independence, but disagreements cause their relationship to fail.It is believe that when Rykyu refused Hideyoshi’s request to take Rikyu’s daughter as a concubine, the relationship broke and never recovered. (Zen)In 1591 Hideyoshi eventually order Rikyu to commit Seppuku (Ritual suicide) the true reasons are not know but according to the Article â€Å"Zen stories of Samurai†: Tradition holds that Hideyoshi was infuriated when he entered the gate of Daitoku-ji temple (whose construction he had funded) and saw that he was walking under a statue of Rikyu   Just before his death, Rikyu called together his family and disciples.He then composed his deat h poem. I raise the sword. This sword of mine; Long in my possession. The time is come at last. Skyward I throw it up! Sen No Rikyu Legacy Sen No Rikyu legacy can still be seen today in Japanese tea ceremonies. As he perfected the â€Å"Way of Tea† this cause all of the earlier styles of tea ceremonies to vanished with Rikyu death. Today all modern styles of tea ceremonies can be traced directly or indirectly to Rikyu. After his death Rikyu family scattered and when into hiding as stated in the article â€Å"A rief History of Chanoyu†: Though the family had been scattered and were in hiding in the residences of various generals , his son Shoan and grandson Sotan, succeeded in reestablishing the family name and reassembling their possessions. They began their task by rebuilding the Zangetsutei and Fushinan tea houses at Ogawa Teranouchi in Kyoto. Today three Sen families exists, this families continue the tradition of holding a memorial service every month at the mutual family temple. (A Brief) (Above) Sen No Rikyu Grave A timeline of the Chonoyu can be view at this link: ttp://www. tea-passage. com/timeline. html Reference A Brief history of chanoyu. (n. d. ). Retrieved from  http://cla. calpoly. edu/~bmori/syll/Hum310japan/Tea%20History. html Bodart, B. M. (1977). Tea and counsel. the political role of sen rikyu. Monumenta Nipponica,  32(1), FUJIMORI, T. (2007, August). Two for tea. Retrieved from http://www. japanjournal. jp/tjje/show_art. php? INDyear=07;INDmon=08;artid=f163e1f847cf981422ef0f1ccc Kumakura, Isao. (1989). Sen no rikyu: inquiries into his life and tea. Tea in Japan: Essays on the History of Chanoyu, 33.Ludwig, T. M. (1989). Tea in japan: essays on the history of chanoyu.. Honolulu HI: University of Hawaii Press. Oda nobunaga biography. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://www. biographybase. com/biography/Oda_Nobunaga. html The Japanese way of tea: from its origins in china to sen rikyu. (1998). Honolulu HI: University of Hawaii P ress. Tea in Japan: essays on the history of chanoyu. (1998). Honolulu HI: University of Hawaii Press. Zen stories of the samurai  . (n. d. ). Retrieved from  http://www. zenstoriesofthesamurai. com/Characters/Sen%20no%20Rikyu. htm

Eating Fast Food May Cause Obesity

Elizabeth Collins English 1302 March 27, 2013 Eating Fast Food May Cause Obesity Most American eat out daily and fast food is fried and high in calories, the bottom line is it’s all about choices. Making the decision to choose fried, baked or grilled food is a choice. Fast food, namely McDonald’s, tends to get a bad rap, McDonald’s got a bad rap because it is not only convenient but they made their food look attractive and desirable to kids. They placed those golden arches high in the air on the bright neon sign, and they put toys in their happy meals.While McDonald’s happy meals was not the most nutritious, now there are options as to what you can put in a kids happy meal. Statistics show that more than two-third of United States adults are obese: â€Å"Currently 58% of adults and 39% of children are classified as overweight or obese. † (4). Younger adults are less like to be obesity than adults at age sixty. In 1999-2000 obesity among boys increas ed from fourteen percent to eighteen point six percent in 2009-2010; there was no significance change among girls.In 1999-2000 obesity rate was 13. 8% and 15. % in 2009-2010. Then in 2007-2010 there was no change in general in obesity among boys and girls. Around 25% of children are overweight or obese. Most children that are obese in their childhood will be obese in their adult life. It is appropriate to say fast food may cause obesity. According to these statistics; this is because at most fast food restaurants you can up-size: medium, large, or super-size. Ordering oversized portions of servings may cause you to overeat.Although in the past McDonalds was blamed for a large part of obesity rate, McDonalds has made efforts to consciously make consumers more aware of what their food contains. It has also made more choices available, with much better nutritional value. In comparison, KFC chicken pot pies has 790 calories in them and wouldn’t this much soda be higher in calorie s. Much like big business where there’s a need; there’s an opportunity to make money, but many fast food restaurants are putting more healthier choices on their menu: For instance, Chipotle, my fit foods, Fuddruckers, 2nd even Luby’s.Studies have been done to show the effect of fast food on obesity. Americans may be prone to other behaviors that affect obesity when they eat fast food. It is a concern that fast food restaurants close to schools lead more children to obesity. To begin with, Data is computed to determine how many miles the fast food restaurants is within distance of the school. Knowingly there is a fast food restaurant in the area; if the restaurant is very close to the school, its questionable how so and that is a good way to recognize the effect of fast food on obesity.Next, the studies monitor a rich set of school and area individuality in their analysis. Finally, over a period of time, these studies will vary. Not long ago I was asked to look a t a choice between making a hot dog using a hot dog bun or using regular bread. The actual content of the hot dog is pretty ordinary, but the biggest difference can be made when choosing to eat an actual bun versus using bread for better or worse? Some people say fast food does not cause obesity.They say fast food restaurants have food now with less calories and a menu to show how many calories in the serving you are eating, and that fast food restaurants has more than doubled, because more American say it convenient to eat out than the go home and cook. While in the reports on popular press have repeatedly suggested that fast food is slightly to blame for the rise of the obesity rate in the U. S, it’s hard to show a connection between fast food and obesity. As an American, you have the ability to make healthier choices, so do it.With all things considered, you just need to know what to order and watch the amount of calories you take in. On salads, try using Balsamic Vinaigre tte instead of Ranch or Thousand Island. Consider picking grilled chicken over breaded. Maybe try eating a sandwich without any type of dressing, or just try exercising at least twice a week. Yes; fast food can cause obesity, but it’s all about the choices we make. Work Cited Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 20 Jan. 2011.Web. 25 Mar. 2013. . â€Å"How Is Fast Food Contributing to Obesity in America? † LIVESTRONG. COM. N. p. , n. d. Web. 26 Mar. 2013. http://www. livestrong. com/article/457854-how-is-fast-food-contributing-to-obesity-in-america/. â€Å"Obesity Facts. † Obesity Facts. N. p. , n. d. Web. 25 Mar. 2013. . â€Å"The National Bureau of Economic Research. † The National Bureau of Economic Research. N. p. , n. d. Web. 26 Mar. 2013. .

Mechanism of Locating the Client's DaTa in the Clouds Research Paper

Mechanism of Locating the Client's DaTa in the Clouds - Research Paper Example Owing to the current rapid prevalence of Cloud computing many clients are increasingly using the clouds to store sensitive information and this necessitates encrypting the data so as to protect the stored data against unsolicited access (Lasica, 76). A major challenge of data encryption in the clouds is that it makes it difficult for the Clients to locate their data. This is particularly with regard to the fact that the encryption of data in cloud computing significantly limits the ability of clients to use the traditional keyword searches in locating their data. Additionally data in the clouds usually require protection of their key word privacy to enhance the security of the stored data. This paper explores the potential use of string matching algorithms as a mechanism to enable clients using cloud computing effectively locates their stored data within the cloud. String matching (Fuzzy keyword) algorithms Generally cloud data systems usually consist of the client, data service prov ider and the cloud server. Advances in computing technology have enabled the use of networks and data identifier algorithms to build a mechanism that allows the clients to locate their data in the clouds based on string matching of the any data. ... data identifiers algorithms are usually designed to enable clients determine the location of their data in the cloud using the infrastructural network. These algorithms are also used to track and monitor the movement of data within the servers. Many methods can be used to determine the string familiarity of the cloud data. For example the edit distance measures string match of the given keywords. This not only allow the clients depending on cloud storage services to locate their data but it also help them to effectively correct potential errors and problems in their stored data. Additionally the similarity of the located data and the intended search may also reveal potential problems such as duplicate data and lack of uniformity in the content and format (Armbrust, 56). String matching algorithm as a data identifier mechanism also enhances the search correctness of the data being searched by the client. For example if the client needs to locate some data using an input that matches t he data in the clouds, then the server will accurately locate the file using the keywords search request. The clients are therefore able to determine the location of their data within the virtual cloud network. On the other hand, any errors in spelling or inconsistencies in the format of the search keyword for the data being searched often bring the possible closest result based on the similarities of the keywords. How string matching data identifier algorithms work String matching algorithms function by allowing clients to locate data within the clouds using exact matching words. According to Abadi (33), the closeness of the match of the data being located is usually measured using the possible number of operations needed to convert the string into the exact match. The number is usually

American Airlines (AMR Corporation) Research Paper

American Airlines (AMR Corporation) - Research Paper Example This is because the business of stock trade holds no assurances and one has the potential to either enjoy large amounts of profit from their trades or suffer huge amounts of loss as well if things do go as expected (DePamphilis, 2009). The public companies whose shares are involved in this trade are able to profit as well in terms of stock value, which has the potential to raise the value of their company in general. This is to say that, the higher the price of their stock, the higher the value of the company. Due to this relation, senior management in such companies tends to focus on stock prices and ways that they can be increased on the market in the short term so as to raise the value of the company. This can read to unethical behavior as a result as the management may be tempted to trick individuals into thinking that their stock is worth more than it is in actuality (Sandage, 2006). The increase in the value of stock leads to an increase in demand for the stock which in turn ra ises the value of the stock even higher and it is this co relation that may tempt senior management to tamper with realistic value of their stock so as to cause a rise in demand which will in effect actually raise the value of the stock as a result. ... By postponing this responsibility, the company was able to keep hold of the funds that would have been used for this activity and include it in the earnings reports that they put out. Thus, it would look like the company is doing better than it actually is as those studying the results would not be aware that the funds displayed were partly increased by the postponement of an expense which would have to be dealt with eventually. 2 Deferring the aircraft maintenance was harmful and unethical to both the shareholders of the company6 as well as the customers who used their services. This is because the company dealt in a very sensitive area of transport (air transport) where the good condition of the crafts used was essential in their everyday business. It was unethical to the shareholders as they were made to believe that the stock they owned was doing better than they thought through the manipulation of funds (DePamphilis, 2009). It also put them at risk of suffering losses should any accident have occurred as a result of shunning this maintenance responsibility as the stock value would have dropped drastically as a result. Their actions were even more dangerous to customers who used their services as they put their lives at risk through failing to perform scheduled maintenance on their aircrafts, which could have led to an accident that may have resulted in the loss of lives. This is a more serious offence than tricking those trading in shares into thinking that the company they have invested in is doing well and involved potentially more devastating results than the simple manipulation of earnings through other means. 3 In 2011, American Airlines decided to file for a Chapter 11 bankruptcy that the management saw was

Andy Worhol Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Andy Worhol - Term Paper Example Andy attended Holmes Elementary School and Schenley High School. Andy missed a lot of lessons because he was often sick. He contracted rheumatic fever when he was eight. He also acquired chorea, making him stay in bed for a month. A few years later, Andy’s skin became pale with red blotches. Due to his condition, he had to stay at home. He watched cartoons, finished coloring books, and reading movie magazines. His sickness and interests in cartoons and movies became his inspiration and topic in most of his art (Mattern, 10). From 1945-1949, Andy, together with Balcomb Greene, Robert Lepper, Samuel Rosenberg, and others, attended Carnegie Institute of Technology (now Carnegie Mellon University) in Pittsburgh. In June 1949, Andy graduated with a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree in Pictorial Design. After graduating from Carnegie Institute of Technology, Warhol decided to pursue his career as a commercial artist in New York City. In September 1949, his first work appeared in Glamour magazine. He became one of the most successful illustrators in 1950s onwards and had won Art Director’s Club Medal in 1957 for his advertising work (Mattern, 6). In the same year, Warhol underwent plastic surgery to change the shape of his nose and had almost lost most of his hair (Mattern, 7). He was awarded by the American Institute of Graphic Arts as a successful illustrator. Tiffany & Co., The New York Times, I. Miller Shoes, Bonwit Teller, Columbia Records, Harper’s Bazaar, Vogue, Fleming-Joffe, NBC, and others were among Warhol’s clients. Most of Warhol’s commercial works were based on photographs and other source images, and on the handwriting of his mother Julia. Warhol loved his mother so much that after Julia’s death, Warhol painted memorial portraits, fi lm and shot videotapes of her. Warhol traveled around the world and had visited countries in Asia and Europe in 1956. He began painting in late 1950s and made his first painting based on comics and ads. A 32 series

Law of property Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Law of property - Essay Example Your principal has asked you to research and give her a brief report outlining the legal principles, and identifying the relevant cases and statutory provisions, as to whether You should include with your report (but not counting in the word limit) a list of all cases consulted (with references) and, if appropriate, statutory provisions that are closely relevant to the case, so that your principal can follow these up and give the appropriate advice. (ii) Your principal has also asked you to do a separate piece of research, unconnected with the properties above, to produce a short report on decisions in the cases in the last ten years in which the courts have considered and/or applied the concept of the termination of a lease by surrender by operation of law a) In order to determine if any person has any equitable or legal rights over Sheila's estate one has to consider if it is capable of being an equitable or legal interest. The first consideration under 1(1)(a) is that for there to be a legal interest it has to be an estate in fee simple absolute in possession and (b) A term of years absolute. The second consideration is under 1(2) which identifies only those interests which can be legal interest, which includes such examples as a legal lease of which both lease. The first question is whether Sheila's executors are bound by the leases created by Sheila. The first note to make is that all legal leases that Sheila has made are valid are binding. However, the question is whether this deeded lease is a legal lease because it is not in terms of years absolute, therefore not a legal lease; rather it is an equitable lease. Equitable leases must be registered if created after 1925 and the land is registered. If the land is not registered the n the lease is not binding if sufficient enquiry has been made and there is no obvious notice of occupation. In this case this would fail because there is a deed, which if sufficient enquiry had been made would have been findable. As we are dealing with executors of the estate they have actual notice because they hold the deed, therefore it is binding on them and any buyers because it would have to be made

Platos Allegory of the Cave Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Platos Allegory of the Cave - Essay Example The prisoners come up with a guessing game on what the images they see on the wall could be. The one who gets his guess right on what the next object to appear is gets praised by his fellow prisoners and is viewed as a master of nature, even though none of these things they guess have they seen or known.Plato finds a problem with this kind of knowledge where people believe in truth in things they have even not seen or experienced. Plato has his own view of how people should perceive and arrive at truth in their daily encounters in life. The first perception is: sensory perception. This entails the world as it appears, how we see it, feel it using our senses. The second kind of perception is spiritual perception. This comes about after we ignore the sensory perception and set out to seek deeper insight on the basic knowledge we have (Herman 2013). This previous perception happens to be Plato’s ideal philosophy of all time and the ideal kind of concept.Aristotle’s rhetori c can best be defined as the art of observing the necessary cause of persuasion in any given situation. According to Aristotle’s Rhetoric, he finds it okay for people to talk about things (ideal) they envision or have heard about as though they were actually in touch with them (Rorty, 1996). In his view this believe in the vision would bring them even closer to these ideal. Aristotle believed that human beings had the ability to look at how communications happen around them and deduce meaning and come up with convincing arguments.

Space Age Furniture Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Space Age Furniture - Term Paper Example 3079) which needs machining on a particular lathe equipment applied for the making of that special part only. Ed Szewczak, an able and experienced machinist is in charge of this special lathe machine. Once the lathe gets started it can run on its won without being attended by someone. However it is necessary for the machinist to be present during the operations of any machine, including the lathe. Recently it has become essential for Ed to opt for overtime in order to finish producing the part 3079 on time. Due to the increased overload, Ed has become unhappy and this news has been communicated to the operations manager, Coral Snodgrass. Coral has been finding solutions to solve the overtime issue. Recently the company started using an MRP system which has helped it in reducing the inventories and improving the timing of the deliveries. There are two different sub-assemblies where the part 3079 is used and the lathe machines are used for producing both the sub-assemblies of Saturn an d Gemini. Ed Szewczak is supposed to get a 50% additional payment for the overtime work. Thus the whole scenario has got certain advantages and certain disadvantages which when studied carefully provide a framework for the better functioning of the organization. Questions & Answers 1. ... Overtime is expensive and the variation between a profitable week and a losing week is represented by overtime. If the demand is constantly surpassing the facility, then Coral can consider either adding more employees or adding more facilities. While taking this step, he should attempt to improve the efficiency of the plant by eliminating waste and dropping bottlenecks. Whenever measures are taken to remove overtime, either by increasing capacity or improving efficiency, it is necessary to understand the consequence of such a step on the employees. As in this case the overtime is not consistent, therefore extreme measures are not required; however Coral should be conscious of when the overtime is taking place which will help him to recognize the grounds for overtime. There is an alternative way-out that can be applied instead of adding more people to the organization which is outsourcing the jobs and getting things done away from the workplace. This would of course incur more expense s but it would reduce the costs of material consumption, overhead costs, labor costs, electricity consumption and other related expenditures. Therefore in simple terms it can be concluded that Coral can either add more people to the company or add more machinery to the organization or a third option is there where he can include an additional shift between the regular shifts. These steps would be helpful in reducing the workload on Ed. 2. How would reducing the minimum quantity of subassemblies help? The Saturn and Gemini tables are made up of part 3079 which is exclusively manufactured by the lathe machine and the lathe machine is not used for any other purpose. Also the part

Ancient Persian Cuisines and Dinning Rituals Research Paper

Ancient Persian Cuisines and Dinning Rituals - Research Paper Example For example, the Mesopotamian, Central Asia and the Anatolian cuisines are some cuisines that have influenced the Persian cuisine such as ice cream and kebab (Batmanglij 2011, 34). Some of these Persian cuisines rice that is served along with meat, basmati rice served with stew, soup made from herbs and vegetables, pure white rice, pastries, salad, appetizers, desserts and drinks (Batmanglij 2011, 34). Notably, the Iranian people love rice although they have an extensive list of cuisines. Logically, the Persian community loves to take green herbs together with fruits. This includes fruits like quince, plums, prunes, raisins, pomegranates and apricots (Batmanglij 2011, 35). Typically, the Iranians love meat, rice, fish, chicken and lamb. Moreover, they work hard to ensure that they take a balanced diet but add some flavor (Ghanoonparvar 2006, 67). Consequently, cinnamon, saffron, parsley and lime are some of the spices used in making special dishes. In summary, the Persian cuisine and dinning ritual that is intriguing and exciting to adapt into the daily dishes. Evidently, rice is a common Persian dish. There are different modes devised in cooking to ensure that the meals had a different touch. Sometimes, the rice is served with marinated chicken or served as saffron ice-cake (Batmanglij 2011, 97). Historically, rice was imported from India into Iran. For instance, the basmati rice is an import from India while Pakistan rice is definitely from Pakistan but is similar to that of Persia. On the other hand, rice is seen as a staple food in northern Iran. However, the rest of the Iranians consider bread as their staple food. Interestingly, the aroma of the Persian rice caused it to be a prized cuisine. In summary, rice and bread are the main staple foods in Persia. Logically, every community has its ways of preparing its cuisines. Therefore, the Persians have their ways of preparing different rice cuisines. The common ones are Tah-deeg, damy and kateh, alongside oth ers (Ghanoonparvar 2006, 79). One is soaking of rice in salt water, followed by boiling. This is called chelo, which is returned for steaming after boiling. Consequently, the rice becomes fluffy, and the grains are not sticky. The other is Tah-deeg, which has a golden crust at the bottom of the pot (Ghanoonparvar 2006, 79). This rice is taken plainly but is eaten alongside bread of potato slices. On the other hand, there are additions of nuts, meat, fruits and vegetables. Interestingly, all these additions can be served together in one meal. Interestingly, the heat is lowered when the chelo is still in the pot then covered with a piece of cloth so that it absorbs the steam (Ghanoonparvar 2006, 81). This chelo is plain and is mainly served with kebab or stew. However, chelo and polo are more or less cooked in the same way. On the other hand, kateh is rice that is cooked until water is completely dry. This is the most traditional mode of cooking rice. Finally, the preparing of the dam y is more like kateh, one starts with other ingredients such as beans. Damy is stemming of the rice. In summary, there are different methods used in the preparation of rice, which makes a difference to each rice meal. The other major additions in the Persian cuisines are vegetables and fruits. Luckily, Iran is known for its wide production of vegetables and fruits. Consequently, most homes in Persia will have a fruit bowl on their tables. Moreover, most meals are accompanied with herbs and vegetables. Additionally, Persians have promoted eating fruits and vegetables because of the health benefits they have on them. As a result, some vegetables like garlic, pomegranate and onion are included in the cooking of

Technology and the Environment Essay Example for Free

Technology and the Environment Essay With the development of Computers and information technology came talk of a new environmentally friendly era. The need to create and store documents on paper would be gone, along with the need to travel from city to city to conduct business meetings. The developers of computers sold Government Originations and Corporate America on these cost saving concepts. The promises made by computer developers proved to be somewhat true, especially given the wide spread deployment and use of Internet and email. Although computers have succeeded in reducing paper consumption, time, and fuel wasted while traveling they have managed to create some other waste management disasters. E-Waste is a new phrase that has been coined in the last few years. The term refers to the massive amounts of electronic waste that is being generated by ageing computer equipment being sent to disposal facilities and landfills each year. According to the National Safety Council, more than 150 million used PCs are sitting idle in storage in the United States with an additional 315 million computers that will need to be recycled or scrapped in 2004. The manufacturing of computers has transformed life in the second half of the 20th century. This also leads to rapid product obsolescence and lack of focus on environmental and social impacts of expanding production. The average computer platform now has a life span of about two years; hardware and software companies constantly generate new programs that demand more speed, memory and power. It is usually cheaper and more convenient to buy a new machine for the newer software than it is to upgrade the old machines. Disposing of e-waste in a landfill may seem harmless but in reality it is very dangerous to water supplies, plant life and humans in the surrounding areas. Electronic computer equipment is a complicated assembly of more than 1,000 materials, many of which are highly toxic, for example chlorinated and brominated substances, toxic gases, toxic metals, photo-active and biologically active materials, acids, plastics and plastic additives. Health impacts of the mixtures and material combinations in the products are unknown. The production of semiconductors, printed circuit boards, disk drives and monitors use very hazardous chemicals, and workers in chip  manufacturing are reporting cancer and birth defects. New evidence shows that computer-recycling employees have high levels of dangerous chemicals in their blood. The list of toxic components in computers also includes lead and cadmium in computer circuit boards, lead oxide and barium in computer monitors cathode ray tubes, mercury in switches and flat screens, and brominated flame retardants on printed circuit boards, cables and plastic casing. Considering the fact that landfills leak and even the best are not completely secure they will eventually allow a certain amount of chemical and metal leakage into the surrounding environment. The Environmental Protection Agency is just now beginning to recognize that these problems do exist and are creating new laws and regulations to correct disposal of e-waste. Several states are now adopting disposal programs, and some are even designating sites where consumers as well a businesses will be able to dispose of their unwanted computers without fees. These government programs as well as independent companies trying to recapture IT assets are proving successful. Although computers are responsible for a large increase in the amount of waste generated they have also been responsible for a significant decreases in fuel consumption and air pollution. With the rise of the communications era in recent years there is less need to travel. With video conferencing people can now go to a meeting without leaving their home, talk to someone with a cellular phone and do a myriad of other things including work, shop, search and communicate through the World Wide Web. With all this, there is less reliance on cars, which translates into less harmful carbon monoxide emissions. By using these advanced techniques and dealing with waste in a more responsible manor we would reduce air pollution and overfilled landfill sites saving valuable resources along with our invaluable environment. Waste recycling efforts, and utilization of technology hold the key to  solving our waste problems. By using methods such as recycling and responsible manufacturing techniques to reduce waste we would eliminate the need for designated landfill sites and the resulting massive pollution clean up costs. Computers like promised can be the solution, not cause of societies waste problems.